How to format your references using the Arab Journal of Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arab Journal of Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Arthur C. Academics should not remain silent on hacking. Nature 2013;504:333.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Hsieh HH, Jewitt D. A population of comets in the main asteroid belt. Science 2006;312:561–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Agrawal A, Chhatre A, Hardin R. Changing governance of the world’s forests. Science 2008;320:1460–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Wang Z-M, Wu L-A, Modugno M, Yao W, Shao B. Fault-tolerant almost exact state transmission. Sci Rep 2013;3:3128.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Courant R, McShane EJ. Differential and Integral Calculus. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1988.

An edited book

[1]

Dodds S, Ankeny RA, editors. Big Picture Bioethics: Developing Democratic Policy in Contested Domains. vol. 16. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Fernández-Jalvo Y, Andrews P. Pits and Perforations. In: Andrews P, editor. Atlas of Taphonomic Identifications: 1001+ Images of Fossil and Recent Mammal Bone Modification, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2016, p. 101–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arab Journal of Gastroenterology.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Live Webcast of Supernova. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/space/live-webcast-supernova-candidate/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: Preliminary Observations about Consumer Satisfaction and Problems with Wireless Phone Service and FCC’s Efforts to Assist Consumers with Complaints. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Katavic I. Corporate social responsibility and sustainable competitive advantage: A case study of the cement industry. Doctoral dissertation. Northcentral University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Rothenberg B. Kerber Loses Final and Bid for No. 1 Spot. New York Times 2016:D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Arab Journal of Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Arab J. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	1687-1979
Scope	Gastroenterology

Research and Writing Guides