How to format your references using the Arab Journal of Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arab Journal of Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Rizo J. Cell biology. Staging membrane fusion. Science 2012;337:1300–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Kale MJ, Christopher P. PHYSICS. Plasmons at the interface. Science 2015;349:587–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Manoharan VN, Elsesser MT, Pine DJ. Dense packing and symmetry in small clusters of microspheres. Science 2003;301:483–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Moss RH, Edmonds JA, Hibbard KA, Manning MR, Rose SK, van Vuuren DP, et al. The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment. Nature 2010;463:747–56.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Homès B. Fundamentals of Software Testing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Alho JM. Statistical Demography and Forecasting. New York, NY: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Gustin JL, Settles AM. Seed Phenomics. In: Fritsche-Neto R, Borém A, editors. Phenomics: How Next-Generation Phenotyping is Revolutionizing Plant Breeding, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 67–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arab Journal of Gastroenterology.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. How Floating Turbines Could Harness The Awesome Power Of The Tides. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/how-floating-turbines-could-harness-awesome-power-tides/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Contract Pricing: Subcontractor Prices Overstated on AN/TSQ-111 Communications Contract. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1986.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Monk KJ. Effects of distractors and force feedback on an aimed movement task in a CDTI environment. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Davidson A. God Save the British Economy. New York Times 2012:MM18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Arab Journal of Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Arab J. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	1687-1979
Scope	Gastroenterology