How to format your references using the Arab Journal of Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arab Journal of Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Dickson D. Calls for international biotech panel. Nature 2000;403:821.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Friedman N, Schuldiner M. Genetics. The DNA damage road map. Science 2010;330:1327–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Kumar P, Narayan R, Johnson JL. Properties of gamma-ray burst progenitor stars. Science 2008;321:376–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

van den Broeke M, Bamber J, Ettema J, Rignot E, Schrama E, van de Berg WJ, et al. Partitioning recent Greenland mass loss. Science 2009;326:984–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Hanzo L, Liew TH, Yeap BL. Turbo Coding, Turbo Equalisation and Space-Time Coding. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Davis FD, Riedl R, vom Brocke J, Léger P-M, Randolph AB, editors. Information Systems and Neuroscience: Gmunden Retreat on NeuroIS 2015. vol. 10. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Dominguez K, Arca CDR, Ward WS. The Relationship Between Chromatin Structure and DNA Damage in Mammalian Spermatozoa. In: Zini A, Agarwal A, editors. Sperm Chromatin: Biological and Clinical Applications in Male Infertility and Assisted Reproduction, New York, NY: Springer; 2011, p. 61–8.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arab Journal of Gastroenterology.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Why Did Ichthyosaurs Go Extinct? IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/why-did-ichthyosaurs-become-extinct/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Status of Special National Direct Student Loan Funds. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Virchez Azuara A. A human resource perspective on the development of workforce agility. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Homans C. A Soap Opera on the High Seas. New York Times 2012:MM26.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Arab Journal of Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Arab J. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	1687-1979
Scope	Gastroenterology