How to format your references using the Arab Economic and Business Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arab Economic and Business Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cook-Deegan, R. (2012). Patent law. Law and science collide over human gene patents. Science (New York, N.Y.), 338(6108), 745–747.

A journal article with 2 authors

van Dokkum, P. G., & Conroy, C. (2010). A substantial population of low-mass stars in luminous elliptical galaxies. Nature, 468(7326), 940–942.

A journal article with 3 authors

Brohawn, S. G., del Mármol, J., & MacKinnon, R. (2012). Crystal structure of the human K2P TRAAK, a lipid- and mechano-sensitive K+ ion channel. Science (New York, N.Y.), 335(6067), 436–441.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Yoon, H., Yamashita, M., Ata, S., Futaba, D. N., Yamada, T., & Hata, K. (2014). Controlling exfoliation in order to minimize damage during dispersion of long SWCNTs for advanced composites. Scientific Reports, 4, 3907.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sedivy, J., & Carlson, G. (2011). Sold on Language. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Rajakaruna, S., Shahnia, F., & Ghosh, A. (Eds.). (2015). Plug In Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids: Integration Techniques. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhou, T., Wu, B., Li, Y., Liu, H., Li, L., Zhang, L., Song, F., Zhao, C., Dong, L., He, C., Zhang, Y., & Yuan, W. (2016). Metrics for Gauging Model Performance Over the East Asian–Western Pacific Domain. In T. Zhou, T. Wu, W. Xue, & G. Zhou (Eds.), Development and Evaluation of High Resolution Climate System Models (pp. 209–256). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arab Economic and Business Journal.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, August 27). Walking Fish Sheds Light On The Evolution Of Vertebrate Limbs. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/walking-fish-sheds-light-evolution-vertebrate-limbs/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2001). Abstracts of Reports and Testimony: Fiscal Year 2000 (GAO-01-558SP). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Munz, J. A. (2017). Assessing the Value of Educational Competencies of Healthcare Leaders and Organizational Factors: A Case Study Analysis [Doctoral dissertation]. Northcentral University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, M. J. O. (2015, May 15). Weekend Entertainments From the Archives of The New York Times. New York Times, C31.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cook-Deegan, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Cook-Deegan, 2012; van Dokkum & Conroy, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (van Dokkum & Conroy, 2010)
Three authors: (Brohawn et al., 2012)
6 or more authors: (Yoon et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Arab Economic and Business Journal
Abbreviation	Arab Econ. Bus. J.
ISSN (print)	2214-4625
Scope