How to format your references using the Aquatic Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Aquatic Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Moazed D (2009) Small RNAs in transcriptional gene silencing and genome defence. Nature 457:413–420

A journal article with 2 authors

Frusawa H, Matsumoto Y (2014) Tuning the size and configuration of nanocarbon microcapsules: aqueous method using optical tweezers. Sci Rep 4:4074

A journal article with 3 authors

Schwartz JH, Tattersall I, Chi Z (2014) Comment on “A complete skull from Dmanisi, Georgia, and the evolutionary biology of early Homo.” Science 344:360

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Diu T, Faruqui N, Sjöström T, et al (2014) Cicada-inspired cell-instructive nanopatterned arrays. Sci Rep 4:7122

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zelterman D (2005) Discrete Distributions: Applications in the Health Sciences. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Hutchinson CF (2008) The Future of Arid Lands — Revisited: A Review of 50 Years of Drylands Research. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Blankertz B, Tangermann M, Popescu F, et al (2008) The Berlin Brain-Computer Interface. In: Zurada JM, Yen GG, Wang J (eds) Computational Intelligence: Research Frontiers: IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, WCCI 2008, Hong Kong, China, June 1-6, 2008, Plenary/Invited Lectures. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 79–101

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Aquatic Ecology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Treasure Trove Of Fossilized Dinosaur Eggs Discovered By Road Workers In China. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/forty-three-fossilized-dinosaur-eggs-discovered-road-workers-china/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2003) Major Management Challenges and Program Risks: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Reyes-Rodriguez GJ (2013) Nucleophilic additions to a para-benzyne derived from an enediyne: Exploring the non-radical reactivity of a diradical. Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L (2008) Conflicts for Justices Halt Appeal in Apartheid Case. New York Times A14

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Moazed 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Moazed 2009; Frusawa and Matsumoto 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Frusawa and Matsumoto 2014)
Three or more authors: (Diu et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Aquatic Ecology
Abbreviation	Aquat. Ecol.
ISSN (print)	1386-2588
ISSN (online)	1573-5125
Scope	Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics General Agricultural and Biological Sciences