How to format your references using the Applied Surface Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Surface Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

K. Kreeger, Access delayed, Nature 422 (2003) 96–97.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

V.R. Pattabiraman, J.W. Bode, Rethinking amide bond synthesis, Nature 480 (2011) 471–479.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S. Chen, Y.E. Zhang, M. Long, New genes in Drosophila quickly become essential, Science 330 (2010) 1682–1685.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

N.X. Tritsch, E. Yi, J.E. Gale, E. Glowatzki, D.E. Bergles, The origin of spontaneous activity in the developing auditory system, Nature 450 (2007) 50–55.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J. Pickles, A. Smith, R. Begg, M. Buček, P. Roukova, R. Pástor, Articulations of Capital, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

W. Pequegnat, C.C. Bell, eds., Family and HIV/AIDS: Cultural and Contextual Issues in Prevention and Treatment, Springer, New York, NY, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

H. Mandalenakis, Economic Recession and Labour Migration, in: K.E. Botsiou, A. Klapsis (Eds.), The Konstantinos Karamanlis Institute for Democracy Yearbook 2011: The Global Economic Crisis and the Case of Greece, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011: pp. 45–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Surface Science.

Blog post

[1]

R. Andrews, One Year On From Pioneering Face Transplant, Patient Says Surgery Has “Given Me Back My Life,” IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/one-year-on-pioneering-face-transplant-patient-surgery-given-back-life/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, European Transportation, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

T.C. Fleming, The Academic Identity Experience of Liberal Arts Faculty in the Age of New Managerialism, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Kanter, Split, Then Talk Trade, Europe Tells the British, New York Times (2017) A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Surface Science
Abbreviation	Appl. Surf. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0169-4332
Scope	Surfaces, Coatings and Films