How to format your references using the Applied Radiation and Isotopes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Radiation and Isotopes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Harris, A., 2008. What Spaceguard did. Nature 453, 1178–1179.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lister, A.M., Sher, A.V., 2001. The origin and evolution of the woolly mammoth. Science 294, 1094–1097.

A journal article with 3 authors

Johnson, K.S., Riser, S.C., Karl, D.M., 2010. Nitrate supply from deep to near-surface waters of the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Nature 465, 1062–1065.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Heckenberger, M.J., Russell, J.C., Fausto, C., Toney, J.R., Schmidt, M.J., Pereira, E., Franchetto, B., Kuikuro, A., 2008. Pre-Columbian urbanism, anthropogenic landscapes, and the future of the Amazon. Science 321, 1214–1217.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Murphy, D.B., Davidson, M.W., 2012. Fundamentals of Light Microscopy and Electronic Imaging. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Petković, M. (Ed.), 2008. Point Estimation of Root Finding Methods, Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Özkaya, N., Nordin, M., Goldsheyder, D., Leger, D., 2012. Statics: Systems in Equilibrium, in: Nordin, M., Goldsheyder, D., Leger, D. (Eds.), Fundamentals of Biomechanics: Equilibrium, Motion, and Deformation. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 35–59.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Radiation and Isotopes.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., 2015. New Nuclear Reactor Could Hold The Secret Of Lasting Fusion [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/technology/new-nuclear-reactor-could-hold-secret-lasting-fusion/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2001. Aviation Rulemaking: Incomplete Implementation Impaired FAA’s Reform Efforts (No. GAO-01-950T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dixon-Thompson, T.L., 2015. The relationship between the usage of a Computer Assisted Instructional (CAI) program, Ticket to Read (T2R) and reading achievement in third grade (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K., 2009. Where to Fill Up the Table. New York Times NJ13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Harris, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Harris, 2008; Lister and Sher, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lister and Sher, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Heckenberger et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Radiation and Isotopes
Abbreviation	Appl. Radiat. Isot.
ISSN (print)	0969-8043
Scope	Radiation