How to format your references using the Applied Radiation and Isotopes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Radiation and Isotopes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Umstadter, D., 2000. Laser light splits atom. Nature 404, 239.

A journal article with 2 authors

Anglada-Escudé, G., Tuomi, M., 2015. Exoplanet detection. Comment on “Stellar activity masquerading as planets in the habitable zone of the M dwarf Gliese 581.” Science 347, 1080.

A journal article with 3 authors

Freeman, C., Ostle, N., Kang, H., 2001. An enzymic “latch” on a global carbon store. Nature 409, 149.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Belkaid, Y., Piccirillo, C.A., Mendez, S., Shevach, E.M., Sacks, D.L., 2002. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells control Leishmania major persistence and immunity. Nature 420, 502–507.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ryan, T.P., 2011. Statistical Methods for Quality Improvement: Ryan/Quality Improvement 3E, Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Desmond, W., Onnasch, E.-O., Cruysberghs, P. (Eds.), 2005. Philosophy and Religion in German Idealism, Studies in German Idealism. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Kim, B.W., Kim, B.-G., 2014. Exclusive Region Based Scheduling for MB-OFDM UWB Using Hidden Pilot Sequences, in: Park, J.J. (jong H., Zomaya, A., Jeong, H.-Y., Obaidat, M. (Eds.), Frontier and Innovation in Future Computing and Communications, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 29–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Radiation and Isotopes.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Are Quantum Dot TVs – And Their Toxic Ingredients – Actually Better For The Environment? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/technology/are-quantum-dot-tvs-and-their-toxic-ingredients-actually-better-environment/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2000. NASA’s Administrative Review of a Patent Infringement Claim (No. RCED-00-240R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Barnard, S., 2015. Police officers’ attitudes about rape victims (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M.W., 2016. Steps Toward Settling Puerto Rico’s Debt. New York Times B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Umstadter, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Anglada-Escudé and Tuomi, 2015; Umstadter, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Anglada-Escudé and Tuomi, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Belkaid et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Radiation and Isotopes
Abbreviation	Appl. Radiat. Isot.
ISSN (print)	0969-8043
Scope	Radiation