How to format your references using the Applied Radiation and Isotopes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Radiation and Isotopes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Müller, A., 2003. Chemistry. The beauty of symmetry. Science 300, 749–750.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shin, H., Iwasaki, A., 2012. A vaccine strategy that protects against genital herpes by establishing local memory T cells. Nature 491, 463–467.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bibby, T.S., Nield, J., Barber, J., 2001. Iron deficiency induces the formation of an antenna ring around trimeric photosystem I in cyanobacteria. Nature 412, 743–745.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Slep, K.C., Kercher, M.A., He, W., Cowan, C.W., Wensel, T.G., Sigler, P.B., 2001. Structural determinants for regulation of phosphodiesterase by a G protein at 2.0 A. Nature 409, 1071–1077.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gupta, S.K., 2010. Modern Hydrology and Sustainable Water Development. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Mus-Veteau, I. (Ed.), 2014. Membrane Proteins Production for Structural Analysis. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Kłyk, Ł., Myszkowski, P.B., Broda, B., Piasecki, M., Urbansky, D., 2012. Metaheuristics for Tuning Model Parameters in Two Natural Language Processing Applications, in: Ramsay, A., Agre, G. (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, and Applications: 15th International Conference, AIMSA 2012, Varna, Bulgaria, September 12-15, 2012. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 32–37.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Radiation and Isotopes.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2017. Doctors Find 150 Worms Living Inside A Woman’s Stomach [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2006. Natural Gas Pipeline Safety: Risk-Based Standards Should Allow Operators to Better Tailor Reassessments to Pipeline Threats (No. GAO-06-945). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Henry, A.G., 2010. Plant foods and the dietary ecology of Neandertals and modern humans (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmidt, M.S., Goldman, A., 2017. F.B.I. Searches Manafort’s Home As Russia Investigation Widens. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Müller, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Müller, 2003; Shin and Iwasaki, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Shin and Iwasaki, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Slep et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Radiation and Isotopes
Abbreviation	Appl. Radiat. Isot.
ISSN (print)	0969-8043
Scope	Radiation