How to format your references using the Applied Nanoscience citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Nanoscience. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Buckingham S (2004) Exploring the public domain. Nature 428:774

A journal article with 2 authors

Vecchi GA, Villarini G (2014) Atmosphere. Next season’s hurricanes. Science 343:618–619

A journal article with 3 authors

Milly PCD, Dunne KA, Vecchia AV (2005) Global pattern of trends in streamflow and water availability in a changing climate. Nature 438:347–350

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Liu C, Xiao Y, Li X, et al (2014) Cis-mediated down-regulation of a trypsin gene associated with Bt resistance in cotton bollworm. Sci Rep 4:7219

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Willis DO (2013) Business Basics for Dentists. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., West Sussex, UK

An edited book

Ganguly S, Krishnamurti R (eds) (2015) Algorithms and Discrete Applied Mathematics: First International Conference, CALDAM 2015, Kanpur, India, February 8-10, 2015. Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Ohnishi A (2009) Common Criteria Based Security Scenario Verification. In: Cordeiro J, Shishkov B, Ranchordas A, Helfert M (eds) Software and Data Technologies: Third International Conference, ICSOFT 2008, Porto, Portugal, July 22-24, 2008, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 37–47

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Nanoscience.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Buzz Aldrin Describes His Encounter With A “UFO.” In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/buzz-aldrin-describes-his-encounter-ufo/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1985) President’s Sixth Special Message for Fiscal Year 1985. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lee S (2016) Data-driven computer vision for science and the humanities. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira S (2015) One Brew Does Not Fit All. New York Times D7

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Buckingham 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Buckingham 2004; Vecchi and Villarini 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Vecchi and Villarini 2014)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Nanoscience
Abbreviation	Appl. Nanosci.
ISSN (print)	2190-5509
ISSN (online)	2190-5517
Scope