How to format your references using the Applied Nanoscience citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Nanoscience. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Buchanan M (2002) A game of chance. Nature 419:787

A journal article with 2 authors

Filardi CE, Moyle RG (2005) Single origin of a pan-Pacific bird group and upstream colonization of Australasia. Nature 438:216–219

A journal article with 3 authors

Kaiser TE, Intine RV, Dundr M (2008) De novo formation of a subnuclear body. Science 322:1713–1717

A journal article with 5 or more authors

van den Akker F, Zhang X, Miyagi M, et al (2000) Structure of the dimerized hormone-binding domain of a guanylyl-cyclase-coupled receptor. Nature 406:101–104

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anaya-Lara O, Campos-Gaona D, Moreno-Goytia E, Adam G (2014) Offshore Wind Energy Generation. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Ali M, Esposito F (eds) (2005) Innovations in Applied Artificial Intelligence: 18th International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, IEA/AIE 2005, Bari, Italy, June 22-24, 2005. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Rehman HU, Gwaltney SR (2014) Structure and Energetics of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (T8,T10,T12-POSS) Cages with Atomic and Ionic Lithium Species. In: Leszczynski J, Shukla MK (eds) Practical Aspects of Computational Chemistry III. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 151–165

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Nanoscience.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2015) Stunning New Images Of Ceres Show A Lonely Pyramid-like Mountain. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/dawn-returns-stunning-new-images-ceres-including-pyramid-mountain/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988) Bridge Safety: Structural Soundness of the Zilwaukee Bridge. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sousa KL (2012) Soul Seeking: A Crossing. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hennessey S (2017) Did Trump Violate His Oath of Office? New York Times A25

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Buchanan 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Buchanan 2002; Filardi and Moyle 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Filardi and Moyle 2005)
Three or more authors: (van den Akker et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Nanoscience
Abbreviation	Appl. Nanosci.
ISSN (print)	2190-5509
ISSN (online)	2190-5517
Scope