How to format your references using the Applied Ergonomics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Ergonomics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Knowles, S.M., 2010. Intellectual property. Fixing the legal framework for pharmaceutical research. Science 327, 1083–1084.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brei, B., Fish, D., 2003. Comment on “Parasites as a viability cost of sexual selection in natural populations of mammals.” Science 300, 55; author reply 55.

A journal article with 3 authors

Djuranovic, S., Nahvi, A., Green, R., 2011. A parsimonious model for gene regulation by miRNAs. Science 331, 550–553.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lawrence, T., Bebien, M., Liu, G.Y., Nizet, V., Karin, M., 2005. IKKalpha limits macrophage NF-kappaB activation and contributes to the resolution of inflammation. Nature 434, 1138–1143.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bragg, S.M., 2010. Running an Effective Investor Relations Department. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Noble, S., 2009. WPF Recipes in C# 2008: A Problem-Solution Approach. Apress, Berkeley, CA.

A chapter in an edited book

Yu, G., Liu, Z., Yuan, J., 2015. Discriminative Orderlet Mining for Real-Time Recognition of Human-Object Interaction, in: Cremers, D., Reid, I., Saito, H., Yang, M.-H. (Eds.), Computer Vision -- ACCV 2014: 12th Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Singapore, Singapore, November 1-5, 2014, Revised Selected Papers, Part V, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 50–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Ergonomics.

Blog post

Taub, B., 2016. Brain-Eating Amoeba Is Hungry For Your Neurotransmitters [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/brain-eating-amoeba-hungry-neurotransmitters/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2013. Human Services: Sustained and Coordinated Efforts Could Facilitate Data Sharing While Protecting Privacy (No. GAO-13-106). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Parada, P.M., 2013. Culture and Early Language Development: Implications for Assessment and Intervention (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M., 2013. Quiet Campaigns Begin For Presidency of I.O.C. New York Times D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Knowles, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Brei and Fish, 2003; Knowles, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Brei and Fish, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Lawrence et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Ergonomics
Abbreviation	Appl. Ergon.
ISSN (print)	0003-6870
Scope	General Medicine Human Factors and Ergonomics Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation