How to format your references using the Applied Ergonomics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Ergonomics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eisenstein, M., 2015. Artificial organs: Honey, I shrunk the lungs. Nature 519, S16-8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brubaker, S.W., Monack, D.M., 2015. IMMUNOLOGY. Microbial metabolite triggers antimicrobial defense. Science 348, 1207–1208.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ben-Shem, A., Frolow, F., Nelson, N., 2003. Crystal structure of plant photosystem I. Nature 426, 630–635.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Samejima, K., Ueda, Y., Doya, K., Kimura, M., 2005. Representation of action-specific reward values in the striatum. Science 310, 1337–1340.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ollivier, J.-P., Torrenti, J.-M., Carcassès, M., 2012. Physical Properties of Concrete and Concrete Constituents. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Pop, P., 2016. Fault-Tolerant Digital Microfluidic Biochips: Compilation and Synthesis, 1st ed. 2016. ed. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Busquets-Mataix, J.V., Catalá, C., Martí-Campoy, A., 2011. Architecture Extensions for Efficient Management of Scratch-Pad Memory, in: Ayala, J.L., García-Cámara, B., Prieto, M., Ruggiero, M., Sicard, G. (Eds.), Integrated Circuit and System Design. Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization, and Simulation: 21st International Workshop, PATMOS 2011, Madrid, Spain, September 26-29, 2011. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 43–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Ergonomics.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2014. Astronomers Spot Massive Blue Stars Beginning To Merge [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/supermassive-merger-blue-stellar-giants-underway/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2013. Broadcasting Board of Governors: Additional Steps Needed to Address Overlap in International Broadcasting (No. GAO-13-172). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Riley, J.M., 2017. Was Sloth the Ultimate Slow Food? An Archaeological Examination of Padre Nuestro Cavern, Dominican Republic (Doctoral dissertation). Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L., 2008. Unexpected State Aid to Ease School Taxes. New York Times LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Eisenstein, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Brubaker and Monack, 2015; Eisenstein, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Brubaker and Monack, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Samejima et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Ergonomics
Abbreviation	Appl. Ergon.
ISSN (print)	0003-6870
Scope	General Medicine Human Factors and Ergonomics Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation