How to format your references using the Applied Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Del Genio AD. Atmospheric science. The dust settles on water vapor feedback. Science 2002;296:665–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Piskorowski R, Aldrich RW. Calcium activation of BK(Ca) potassium channels lacking the calcium bowl and RCK domains. Nature 2002;420:499–502.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Ezawa M, Tanaka Y, Nagaosa N. Topological phase transition without gap closing. Sci Rep 2013;3:2790.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Decker RB, Krimigis SM, Roelof EC, Hill ME, Armstrong TP, Gloeckler G, et al. Mediation of the solar wind termination shock by non-thermal ions. Nature 2008;454:67–70.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Larkin RF, DiTommaso M. Wiley Not-for-Profit GAAP 2015. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

[1]

Zeng D, editor. Advances in Computer Science and Engineering. vol. 141. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Arai D, Yoshihara K, Idoue A. Network-Wide Rollback Scheme for Fast Recovery from Operator Errors Toward Dependable Network. In: Ma Y, Choi D, Ata S, editors. Challenges for Next Generation Network Operations and Service Management: 11th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium, APNOMS 2008, Beijing, China, October 22-24, 2008. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008, p. 41–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Energy.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. First Vaccine For ’Mad-Cow’- Like Disease In Deer Shows Promise. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Department of Commerce Could Save $24.6 Million by Modifying Computer Procurement Actions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1982.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Biller JT. Cyber-Terrorism: Finding a Common Starting Point. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. Great Pitching, Greater Expectations. New York Times 2011:B17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Energy
Abbreviation	Appl. Energy
ISSN (print)	0306-2619
Scope	General Energy Civil and Structural Engineering Mechanical Engineering Building and Construction Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law