How to format your references using the Applied Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Grayson M. Bees. Nature 2015;521:S47.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Adesnik H, Scanziani M. Lateral competition for cortical space by layer-specific horizontal circuits. Nature 2010;464:1155–60.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Kagawa F, Miyagawa K, Kanoda K. Unconventional critical behaviour in a quasi-two-dimensional organic conductor. Nature 2005;436:534–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Schulze E-D, Mollicone D, Achard F, Matteucci G, Federici S, Eva HD, et al. Climate change. Making deforestation pay under the Kyoto Protocol? Science 2003;299:1669.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Ryan TP. Statistical Methods for Quality Improvement: Ryan/Quality Improvement 3E. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Smart JC, Paulsen MB, editors. Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research: Volume 26. vol. 26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Zarghami M, Szidarovszky F. Solution of Continuous MCDA Problems. In: Szidarovszky F, editor. Multicriteria Analysis: Applications to Water and Environment Management, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011, p. 51–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Energy.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. A Company Has Launched A Rocket From A Balloon For The First Time. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/space/a-company-has-launched-a-rocket-from-a-balloon-for-the-first-time/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Department of Energy’s Consolidation of Information Processing Activities Needs More Attention. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ndiaye O. The Predictability of the Sahelian Climate: Seasonal Sahel Rainfall and Onset over Senegal. Doctoral dissertation. Columbia University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Barnes B, Koblin J. ABC’s ‘Live’ Ends Search, Naming Seacrest Co-Host. New York Times 2017:B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Energy
Abbreviation	Appl. Energy
ISSN (print)	0306-2619
Scope	General Energy Civil and Structural Engineering Mechanical Engineering Building and Construction Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law