How to format your references using the Applied Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Wills M. Chemistry. Better asymmetric reactions. Science 2006;311:619–20.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Loeb A, Waxman E. Cosmic gamma-ray background from structure formation in the intergalactic medium. Nature 2000;405:156–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Joachim C, Gimzewski JK, Aviram A. Electronics using hybrid-molecular and mono-molecular devices. Nature 2000;408:541–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Yang AS, Estecio MRH, Garcia-Manero G, Kantarjian HM, Issa J-PJ. Comment on “Chromosomal instability and tumors promoted by DNA hypomethylation” and “Induction of tumors in nice by genomic hypomethylation.” Science 2003;302:1153; author reply 1153.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Lau VKN, Ricky Kwok Y-K. Channel-Adaptive Technologies and Cross-Layer Designs for Wireless Systems with Multiple Antennas. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

[1]

Kahraman C, editor. Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making: Theory and Applications with Recent Developments. vol. 16. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Yu G, Liu Z, Yuan J. Discriminative Orderlet Mining for Real-Time Recognition of Human-Object Interaction. In: Cremers D, Reid I, Saito H, Yang M-H, editors. Computer Vision -- ACCV 2014: 12th Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Singapore, Singapore, November 1-5, 2014, Revised Selected Papers, Part V, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 50–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Energy.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Your Anonymous Credit Card Data Can Be Matched Back To You. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/your-anonymous-credit-card-data-can-be-match-back-you/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Multiple Protests Against Contract Award. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1972.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Burke DM. Enhancing the patient safety culture of ABSN students through instruction on medical error recovery. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Robbins L. Yemeni-Americans Sue Over Passport Woes. New York Times 2015:A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Energy
Abbreviation	Appl. Energy
ISSN (print)	0306-2619
Scope	General Energy Civil and Structural Engineering Mechanical Engineering Building and Construction Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law