How to format your references using the Applied Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Fraser B. The first South Americans: Extreme living. Nature 2014;514:24–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Kelley KA, Cottrell E. Water and the oxidation state of subduction zone magmas. Science 2009;325:605–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Rowe T, McBride EF, Sereno PC. Dinosaur with a heart of stone. Science 2001;291:783.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Wasik AM, Lord M, Wang X, Zong F, Andersson P, Kimby E, et al. SOXC transcription factors in mantle cell lymphoma: the role of promoter methylation in SOX11 expression. Sci Rep 2013;3:1400.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Wills B. Purposely Profitable. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Gelpi RJ, Boveris A, Poderoso JJ, editors. Biochemistry of Oxidative Stress: Physiopathology and Clinical Aspects. vol. 16. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

La Piscopia P, Sullivan EE, McDermott C. From Feast to Famine? The Archaeological Profession in Ireland in the New Millennium. In: Jameson JH, Eogan J, editors. Training and Practice for Modern Day Archaeologists, New York, NY: Springer; 2013, p. 69–85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Energy.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Barley Helped Early Farmers Settle the Dizzying Heights of the Tibetan Plateau. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/barley-helped-early-farmers-settle-dizzying-heights-tibetan-plateau/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. FCC: Flexible Service Offerings in the Commercial Mobile Radio Services. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Cannon JR. Microwave-supported acid hydrolysis for proteomics. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kelly S. Op-art; Sub-liminal. New York Times 2000:A33.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Energy
Abbreviation	Appl. Energy
ISSN (print)	0306-2619
Scope	General Energy Civil and Structural Engineering Mechanical Engineering Building and Construction Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law