How to format your references using the Apoptosis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Apoptosis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kouwenhoven L (2000) Nanotechnology. Bouncing a C60 ball. Nature 407:35–36

A journal article with 2 authors

Audétat A, Keppler H (2004) Viscosity of fluids in subduction zones. Science 303:513–516

A journal article with 3 authors

Laxon S, Peacock N, Smith D (2003) High interannual variability of sea ice thickness in the Arctic region. Nature 425:947–950

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Thewissen JG, Williams EM, Roe LJ, Hussain ST (2001) Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the relationship of whales to artiodactyls. Nature 413:277–281

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kenny T (2014) The Nuts and Bolts of Implantable Device Therapy Pacemakers. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Badescu V (2009) Mars: Prospective Energy and Material Resources. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Barenblatt GI (2006) Scaling phenomena in fatigue and fracture. In: Carpinteri A, Mai Y-W, Ritchie RO (eds) Advances in Fracture Research: Honour and Plenary Lectures Presented at the 11th International Conference on Fracture (ICF11), Held in Turin, Italy, on March 20–25, 2005. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 19–35

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Apoptosis.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) These Jellies Glide Through The Water By Coordinating Their Jets. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/these-jellies-glide-through-water-coordinating-their-jets/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) Truck Safety: Need to Better Ensure Correction of Serious Inspection Violations. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Castaneda Martinez NE (2013) Implementation of the Parent Partner Project to improve reunification rates in Sonoma County: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J (2016) Hulu Adds Channels to Streaming Service. New York Times B2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Apoptosis
Abbreviation	Apoptosis
ISSN (print)	1360-8185
ISSN (online)	1573-675X
Scope	Cancer Research Cell Biology Clinical Biochemistry Biochemistry, medical Pharmaceutical Science Pharmacology