How to format your references using the Apoptosis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Apoptosis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Khodakhah K (2015) Neuroscience: Decrypting a brain enigma. Nature 526:326–327

A journal article with 2 authors

Digicaylioglu M, Lipton SA (2001) Erythropoietin-mediated neuroprotection involves cross-talk between Jak2 and NF-kappaB signalling cascades. Nature 412:641–647

A journal article with 3 authors

Papp B, Pál C, Hurst LD (2003) Dosage sensitivity and the evolution of gene families in yeast. Nature 424:194–197

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Gu L, Black B, Ordonez S, et al (2014) Microfluidic control of axonal guidance. Sci Rep 4:6457

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jensen RC (2012) Risk-Reduction Methods for Occupational Safety and Health. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Garvis S (2012) Whisperings from the Corridors: Stories of Teachers in Higher Education. SensePublishers, Rotterdam

A chapter in an edited book

Sanz AG, Sebastianelli F, Gianturco FA (2012) Following Resonant Compound States after Electron Attachment. In: García Gómez-Tejedor G, Fuss MC (eds) Radiation Damage in Biomolecular Systems. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 71–86

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Apoptosis.

Blog post

Luntz S (2015) Mysterious White Object Spotted On Ceres. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/hopes-dawn-will-explain-white-spot-ceres/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1989) Forest Service: Status of Geographic Information System Acquisition. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schmisseur BE (2002) An Evaluation of Noise Reduction Effectiveness in Four Digital Hearing Aids. Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schwirtz M, White R (2013) Tractor-Trailer Kills 8-Year-Old Boy Walking to School in Queens. New York Times A15

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Apoptosis
Abbreviation	Apoptosis
ISSN (print)	1360-8185
ISSN (online)	1573-675X
Scope	Cancer Research Cell Biology Clinical Biochemistry Biochemistry, medical Pharmaceutical Science Pharmacology