How to format your references using the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Perkel JM. Annotating the scholarly web. Nature 2015;528:153–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fernandez JM, Li H. Force-clamp spectroscopy monitors the folding trajectory of a single protein. Science 2004;303:1674–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Vandermeer J, Perfecto I, Philpott SM. Clusters of ant colonies and robust criticality in a tropical agroecosystem. Nature 2008;451:457–9.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chen M, Kumar D, Yi C-W, et al. The promotional effect of gold in catalysis by palladium-gold. Science 2005;310:291–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Balani K, Verma V, Agarwal A, et al. Biosurfaces. Hoboken, NJ: : John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2014.

An edited book

Sytsma SE, editor. Ethics and Intersex. Dordrecht: : Springer Netherlands 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Ooya T, Lee SC, Huh KM, et al. Hydrotropic Nanocarriers for Poorly Soluble Drugs. In: Mozafari MR, ed. Nanocarrier Technologies: Frontiers of Nanotherapy. Dordrecht: : Springer Netherlands 2006. 51–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases.

Blog post

Luntz S. Insects Have Been Carrying Camouflage Since The Dinosaurs. IFLScience. 2016.https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/insects-have-been-carrying-camouflage-since-the-dinosaurs/ (accessed 30 Oct 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. College Completion: Additional Efforts Could Help Education with Its Completion Goals. Washington, DC: : U.S. Government Printing Office 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Coulibaly I. Influence of Gender and Age on the Performance of a PBIS program: Quantitative Analysis of Secondary Data from a Midwestern Suburban Public Middle School. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. For New Trump Neighbors, Proximity Breeds Discontent. New York Times. 2001;:146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
Abbreviation	Ann. Rheum. Dis.
ISSN (print)	0003-4967
ISSN (online)	1468-2060
Scope	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Immunology Immunology and Allergy Rheumatology

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