How to format your references using the Annals of Operations Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Operations Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hublin, J.-J. (2013). Palaeontology: Free digital scans of human fossils. Nature, 497(7448), 183.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yeeles, J. T. P., & Marians, K. J. (2011). The Escherichia coli replisome is inherently DNA damage tolerant. Science (New York, N.Y.), 334(6053), 235–238.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ashton, A., Murray, A. B., & Arnault, O. (2001). Formation of coastline features by large-scale instabilities induced by high-angle waves. Nature, 414(6861), 296–300.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Hu, Q.-H., Xie, Z.-Q., Wang, X.-M., Kang, H., & Zhang, P. (2013). Levoglucosan indicates high levels of biomass burning aerosols over oceans from the Arctic to Antarctic. Scientific reports, 3, 3119.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schwartz, R. (2012). Rethinking Pragmatism. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Dai, M. (Ed.). (2011). Innovative Computing and Information: International Conference, ICCIC 2011, Wuhan, China, September 17-18, 2011. Proceedings, Part I (Vol. 231). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Ivanova, E. P., Kurilenko, A., Wang, F., & Crawford, R. J. (2010). Comparative Genomics of Pathogens. In V. Sintchenko (Ed.), Infectious Disease Informatics (pp. 73–91). New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Operations Research.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2017, March 15). How Cobras Learned To Spit Venom. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/how-cobras-learned-to-spit-venom/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1991). Project on Standardization of Basic Financial Information Requirements of Central Agencies (No. 156239). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Demenkoff, J. H. (2014). Evolution and emergence of the masculinities: Epiphanies and epiphenomena of the male athlete and dancer (Doctoral dissertation). Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Strauss, B. (2016, September 28). Like Father, Like Son. Like the Cubs? No Way! New York Times, p. B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hublin 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Hublin 2013; Yeeles and Marians 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yeeles and Marians 2011)
Three or more authors: (Hu et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Operations Research
Abbreviation	Ann. Oper. Res.
ISSN (print)	0254-5330
ISSN (online)	1572-9338
Scope	General Decision Sciences Management Science and Operations Research