How to format your references using the Annals of Operations Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Operations Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dolgin, E. (2011). Stem cells: Transplants on trial. Nature, 480(7377), S46-7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schultz, P. G., & Lerner, R. A. (2002). Completing the circle. Nature, 418(6897), 485.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chandrappa, G. T., Steunou, N., & Livage, J. (2002). Materials chemistry: macroporous crystalline vanadium oxide foam. Nature, 416(6882), 702.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Chen, W., Ren, X.-R., Nelson, C. D., Barak, L. S., Chen, J. K., Beachy, P. A., et al. (2004). Activity-dependent internalization of smoothened mediated by beta-arrestin 2 and GRK2. Science (New York, N.Y.), 306(5705), 2257–2260.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vorbrüggen, H. (2005). Silicon-Mediated Transformations of Functional Groups. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Thai, M. T., & Pardalos, P. M. (Eds.). (2012). Handbook of Optimization in Complex Networks: Communication and Social Networks (Vol. 58). New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Vellonen, V., Kärnä, E., & Virnes, M. (2015). Supporting the Strengths and Activity of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Technology-Enhanced Learning Environment. In P. Isaías, J. M. Spector, D. Ifenthaler, & D. G. Sampson (Eds.), E-Learning Systems, Environments and Approaches: Theory and Implementation (pp. 39–55). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Operations Research.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2016, October 12). Tatooine Planets Orbiting Two Stars Are More Likely To Survive. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1978). Concurrent Development and Production of MK-12A Reentry Vehicle (No. PSAD-79-2). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bravo, D. (2013). Parents’ perspectives of undocumented students’ transition from high school (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K. (2011, May 29). Animal-Free and Sermon-Free. New York Times, p. NJ10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dolgin 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Dolgin 2011; Schultz and Lerner 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schultz and Lerner 2002)
Three or more authors: (Chen et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Operations Research
Abbreviation	Ann. Oper. Res.
ISSN (print)	0254-5330
ISSN (online)	1572-9338
Scope	General Decision Sciences Management Science and Operations Research