How to format your references using the Annals of Nuclear Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Nuclear Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Pearson H. Stem cells: articles of faith adulterated. Nature. 2002;420:734–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Genda H, Abe Y. Enhanced atmospheric loss on protoplanets at the giant impact phase in the presence of oceans. Nature. 2005;433:842–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Bao S, Chan VT, Merzenich MM. Cortical remodelling induced by activity of ventral tegmental dopamine neurons. Nature. 2001;412:79–83.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Panikashvili D, Simeonidou C, Ben-Shabat S, Hanus L, Breuer A, Mechoulam R, et al. An endogenous cannabinoid (2-AG) is neuroprotective after brain injury. Nature. 2001;413:527–31.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Pandey JN. The Hilbert Transform of Schwartz Distributions and Applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1995.

An edited book

1. Banerjee S, Chakrabarti A, editors. Development and Sustainability: India in a Global Perspective. New Delhi: Springer India; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Ahn G-O, Brown JM. Combinations of Hypoxia-Targeting Compounds and Radiation-Activated Prodrugs with Ionizing Radiation. In: Brown JM, Mehta MP, Nieder C, editors. Multimodal Concepts for Integration of Cytotoxic Drugs. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. p. 67–91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Nuclear Medicine.

Blog post

1. Davis J. 100-Million-Year-Old Relationship May Soon Be Driven To Extinction. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. D.C. Tuition Assistance Grants: Program May Increase College Choices, but a Few Program Procedures May Hinder Grant Receipt for Some Residents. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001 Dec. Report No.: GAO-02-265.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Valdez K. Taking a closer look at the mental health services act of 2004: A policy analysis [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Brantley B. A Darwinian Revival With a Feminist Streak. New York Times. 2016 May 1;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Nuclear Medicine
Abbreviation	Ann. Nucl. Med.
ISSN (print)	0914-7187
ISSN (online)	1864-6433
Scope	General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging