How to format your references using the Annals of Neurology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Neurology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Perez R. Chemistry. Discriminating chemical bonds. Science 2012;337(6100):1305–1306.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kosaka Y, Xie S-P. Recent global-warming hiatus tied to equatorial Pacific surface cooling. Nature 2013;501(7467):403–407.

A journal article with 3 authors

Debruyne R, Schwarz C, Poinar H. Comment on “Whole-genome shotgun sequencing of mitochondria from ancient hair shafts.” Science 2008;322(5903):857; author reply 857.

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Raber J, Wong D, Yu GQ, et al. Apolipoprotein E and cognitive performance. Nature 2000;404(6776):352–354.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ash MK. The Mary Kay Way. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2008.

An edited book

Cardoso JMP. Compilation Techniques for Reconfigurable Architectures. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Gong J, Markidis S, Schliephake M, et al. Nek5000 with OpenACC. In: Markidis S, Laure E, editors. Solving Software Challenges for Exascale: International Conference on Exascale Applications and Software, EASC 2014, Stockholm, Sweden, April 2-3, 2014, Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015 p. 57–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Neurology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Trial Of Stem Cell Transplants Yields Positive Results For Patients With MS [Internet]. IFLScience 2014;[cited 2018 Oct 30 ] Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/trial-stem-cell-transplants-yields-positive-results-patients-ms/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. FTA New York Mass Transit Grants: False Statements to FTA Grantee/Grantee Violations of Contracting Policy. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pulido BB. Homes as grounding counterspaces: Mexicana undocumented students utilizing mother-daughter pedagogies of resistance to succeed in higher education. 2015;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. No-Frills Cuban Fare, and Cheer. New York Times 2006;NJ6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Neurology
Abbreviation	Ann. Neurol.
ISSN (print)	0364-5134
ISSN (online)	1531-8249
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology

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