How to format your references using the Annals of Neurology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Neurology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marín O. Journal club. A developmental neurobiologist looks at how damage induces cell birth in the adult brain. Nature 2010;465(7297):401.

A journal article with 2 authors

Izawa D, Pines J. The mitotic checkpoint complex binds a second CDC20 to inhibit active APC/C. Nature 2015;517(7536):631–634.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pack CC, Berezovskii VK, Born RT. Dynamic properties of neurons in cortical area MT in alert and anaesthetized macaque monkeys. Nature 2001;414(6866):905–908.

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Cha T-L, Zhou BP, Xia W, et al. Akt-mediated phosphorylation of EZH2 suppresses methylation of lysine 27 in histone H3. Science 2005;310(5746):306–310.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Barkham R. Real Estate and Globalisation. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.

An edited book

Cruz-Uribe DV. Weights, Extrapolation and the Theory of Rubio de Francia. Basel: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Erdemir U, Yildiz E, Yucel T. Esthetic Parameters/Smile Design. In: Erdemir U, Yildiz E, editors. Esthetic and Functional Management of Diastema: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016 p. 53–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Neurology.

Blog post

Fang J. Why Do We Age? [Internet]. IFLScience 2015;[cited 2018 Oct 30 ] Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/disorganized-bundles-dna-reveal-news-clues-aging/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. James Webb Space Telescope: Project Facing Increased Schedule Risk with Significant Work Remaining. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ploehs JR. The literacy benefits of middle school tutors who tutor emergent readers. 2009;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Michael Kelly With. THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: The Vietnam War; Campaign Focus on Vietnam Reviving Debates of the 60’s. New York Times 1992;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Neurology
Abbreviation	Ann. Neurol.
ISSN (print)	0364-5134
ISSN (online)	1531-8249
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology