How to format your references using the Annals of Neurology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Neurology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Butler D. Public library set to turn publisher as boycott looms. Nature 2001;412(6846):469.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pedraza JM, Paulsson J. Effects of molecular memory and bursting on fluctuations in gene expression. Science 2008;319(5861):339–343.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ergon T, Lambin X, Stenseth NC. Life-history traits of voles in a fluctuating population respond to the immediate environment. Nature 2001;411(6841):1043–1045.

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Pietrzak B, Sharma V, Wasalathanthri D, et al. Nurturing connections to the environment. Science 2018;362(6417):886–888.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anderson JB, Johannesson R. Understanding Information Transmission. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

Qin Y. Global Well-posedness of Nonlinear Parabolic-Hyperbolic Coupled Systems. Basel: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Andrievski RA, Khatchoyan AV. Mechanical Actions Effect upon Nanomaterials. In: Khatchoyan A, editor. Nanomaterials in Extreme Environments: Fundamentals and Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016 p. 55–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Neurology.

Blog post

Taub B. New Treatment “Reverses” Alzheimer’s Disease [Internet]. IFLScience 2016;[cited 2018 Oct 30 ] Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/alzheimers-memory-loss-reversed-by-new-36point-program/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Postsecondary Education: College and University Endowments Have Shown Long-Term Growth, While Size, Restrictions, and Distributions Vary. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schellenberg DL. Divorced women, poverty, and the Social Security Act: A policy analysis. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. The Court Changes the Game. New York Times 2009;A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Neurology
Abbreviation	Ann. Neurol.
ISSN (print)	0364-5134
ISSN (online)	1531-8249
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology