How to format your references using the Annals of Internal Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Internal Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Postle K. Close before opening. Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1658–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Morris RG, Barthelemy M. Interdependent networks: the fragility of control. Sci Rep. 2013 Sep 26;3:2764.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhou T, Gao Y, Wang ZD. Topological quantum phase transitions and edge states in spin-orbital coupled Fermi gases. Sci Rep. 2014 Jun 11;4:5218.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Aravin AA, Sachidanandam R, Girard A, Fejes-Toth K, Hannon GJ. Developmentally regulated piRNA clusters implicate MILI in transposon control. Science. 2007 May 4;316(5825):744–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rigo M. Formal Languages, Automata and Numeration Systems 2. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Kortenkamp U, Brandt B, Benz C, Krummheuer G, Ladel S, Vogel R, editors. Early Mathematics Learning: Selected Papers of the POEM 2012 Conference. New York, NY: Springer; 2014. XI, 326 p. 99 illus., 30 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Bucchiarone A, De Sanctis M, Pistore M. Domain Objects for Dynamic and Incremental Service Composition. In: Villari M, Zimmermann W, Lau KK, editors. Service-Oriented and Cloud Computing: Third European Conference, ESOCC 2014, Manchester, UK, September 2-4, 2014 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014. p. 62–80. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Internal Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew D. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. People With ‘Obesity Gene’ Can Still Lose Weight. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/people-with-obesity-gene-can-still-lose-weight/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Social Security Administration: Information Systems Could Improve Processing Attorney Fee Payments in Disability Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001 Jun. Report No.: GAO-01-796.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

LaPorte M. Depression and Rumination as a Predictor for Types of Substances Abused [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B. Film Series. New York Times. 2017 Aug 24;C18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Internal Medicine
Abbreviation	Ann. Intern. Med.
ISSN (print)	0003-4819
ISSN (online)	1539-3704
Scope	General Medicine Internal Medicine