How to format your references using the Annals of Internal Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Internal Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pearson H. Breast-cancer survey sets screening age for women. Nature. 2002 Mar 21;416(6878):251.

A journal article with 2 authors

Baker D, Sali A. Protein structure prediction and structural genomics. Science. 2001 Oct 5;294(5540):93–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bhandawat V, Reisert J, Yau KW. Elementary response of olfactory receptor neurons to odorants. Science. 2005 Jun 24;308(5730):1931–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Heller DA, Jeng ES, Yeung TK, Martinez BM, Moll AE, Gastala JB, et al. Optical detection of DNA conformational polymorphism on single-walled carbon nanotubes. Science. 2006 Jan 27;311(5760):508–11.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Derbyshire E. Nutrition in the Childbearing Years. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2011.

An edited book

Silvestrov S, Rančić M, editors. Engineering Mathematics I: Electromagnetics, Fluid Mechanics, Material Physics and Financial Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. XV, 341 p. 135 illus., 67 illus. in color. (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics; vol. 178).

A chapter in an edited book

Bauche J, Bauche-Arnoult C, Peyrusse O. Modeling of ionic spectra. In: Bauche-Arnoult C, Peyrusse O, editors. Atomic Properties in Hot Plasmas: From Levels to Superconfigurations. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 135–59.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Internal Medicine.

Blog post

Luntz S. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Skyscraper-Sized Sculptures Carved Beneath Greenland’s Ice Sheet. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/skyscraper-sized-sculptures-carved-beneath-greenlands-ice-sheet/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. National Mediation Board Mandates in the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012 Jun. Report No.: GAO-12-835R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dimapilis B. Service line extension: Acquisition of fluoroscopy equipment to supplement pain management procedures [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Qiu L. Dubious Defense for Voting Against Storm Relief in 2013. New York Times. 2017 Aug 30;A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Internal Medicine
Abbreviation	Ann. Intern. Med.
ISSN (print)	0003-4819
ISSN (online)	1539-3704
Scope	General Medicine Internal Medicine