How to format your references using the Annals of Internal Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Internal Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Roobol M. Perspective: Enforce the clinical guidelines. Nature. 2015 Dec 17;528(7582):S123.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wallenfang MR, Seydoux G. Polarization of the anterior-posterior axis of C. elegans is a microtubule-directed process. Nature. 2000 Nov 2;408(6808):89–92.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ridgwell AJ, Kennedy MJ, Caldeira K. Carbonate deposition, climate stability, and Neoproterozoic ice ages. Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):859–62.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wilson RJ, Thomas CD, Fox R, Roy DB, Kunin WE. Spatial patterns in species distributions reveal biodiversity change. Nature. 2004 Nov 18;432(7015):393–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bma. Everyday Medical Ethics and Law. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

Khangura SS, Singh P, Singh H, Brar GS, editors. Proceedings of the International Conference on Research and Innovations in Mechanical Engineering: ICRIME-2013. New Delhi: Springer India; 2014. XV, 682 p. 358 illus. (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering).

A chapter in an edited book

İlsever M, Ünsalan C. Structure-Based Change Detection Methods. In: Ünsalan C, editor. Two-Dimensional Change Detection Methods: Remote Sensing Applications. London: Springer; 2012. p. 41–51. (SpringerBriefs in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Internal Medicine.

Blog post

Luntz S. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Endangered Turtle Gets Prosthetic Fin. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/endangered-turtle-gets-prosthetic-fin/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Department of Education: Improved Oversight and Controls Could Help Education Better Respond to Evolving Priorities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011 Feb. Report No.: GAO-11-194.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ademiluyi CA. Felony disenfranchisement and how it contributes to the Black electorate [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmitt E. Vast Exercise Demonstrated Russia’s Growing Military Prowess. New York Times. 2017 Oct 1;A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Internal Medicine
Abbreviation	Ann. Intern. Med.
ISSN (print)	0003-4819
ISSN (online)	1539-3704
Scope	General Medicine Internal Medicine