How to format your references using the Animals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Animals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kleiner, K. Toronto Rising. Nature 2008, 453, 252–253.

A journal article with 2 authors

Floreano, D.; Wood, R.J. Science, Technology and the Future of Small Autonomous Drones. Nature 2015, 521, 460–466.

A journal article with 3 authors

Denommee, K.C.; Bentley, S.J.; Droxler, A.W. Climatic Controls on Hurricane Patterns: A 1200-y near-Annual Record from Lighthouse Reef, Belize. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 3876.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Häring, M.; Vestergaard, G.; Rachel, R.; Chen, L.; Garrett, R.A.; Prangishvili, D. Virology: Independent Virus Development Outside a Host. Nature 2005, 436, 1101–1102.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chappell, D. The JCT Minor Works Building Contracts 2005; Blackwell Publishing Ltd: Oxford, UK, 2008; ISBN 9780470759776.

An edited book

Advances in Biometrics: International Conference, ICB 2007, Seoul, Korea, August 27-29, 2007. Proceedings; Lee, S.-W., Li, S.Z., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007; Vol. 4642; ISBN 9783540745488.

A chapter in an edited book

Li, Z.; Xia, Y.; Su, C.-Y. Model Reference Bilateral Teleoperation Control. In Intelligent Networked Teleoperation Control; Xia, Y., Su, C.-Y., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2015; pp. 123–165 ISBN 9783662468975.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Animals.

Blog post

Luntz, S. Cosmic Lighthouse Disappears From View Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/cosmic-lighthouse-disappears-view/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle: DOD Is Addressing Knowledge Gaps in Its New Acquisition Strategy [Reissued on August 13, 2012]; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2012;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Crivello, A. DNA Methylation of the Interferon-Gamma Promoter in Association with Overexpression of the Interferon-Gamma Gene in Periodontal Disease. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina: Chapel Hill, NC, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sengupta, S.; Eddy, M.; Buckley, C.; Rubin, A.J. Defiant Other Countries Reaffirm Fight Against Climate Change. New York Times 2017, A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Animals
Abbreviation	Animals (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2076-2615
Scope