How to format your references using the Animals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Animals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goldston, D. Technical Advice. Nature 2007, 448, 119.

A journal article with 2 authors

Isaksen, I.S.A.; Dalsøren, S.B. Atmospheric Science. Getting a Better Estimate of an Atmospheric Radical. Science 2011, 331, 38–39.

A journal article with 3 authors

Logoteta, D.; Fiori, G.; Iannaccone, G. Graphene-Based Lateral Heterostructure Transistors Exhibit Better Intrinsic Performance than Graphene-Based Vertical Transistors as Post-CMOS Devices. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 6607.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Li, Y.; Zhong, Y.; Zhang, J.; Xu, L.; Wang, Q.; Sun, H.; Tong, H.; Cheng, X.; Miao, X. Activity-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity of a Chalcogenide Electronic Synapse for Neuromorphic Systems. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 4906.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Walker, A. Solar Energy; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2013; ISBN 9781118842973.

An edited book

Precision Crop Protection - the Challenge and Use of Heterogeneity; Oerke, E.-C., Gerhards, R., Menz, G., Sikora, R.A., Eds.; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2010; ISBN 9789048192762.

A chapter in an edited book

Rovenskaya, E. Optimal Economic Growth Under Stochastic Environmental Impact: Sensitivity Analysis. In Dynamic Systems, Economic Growth, and the Environment; Crespo Cuaresma, J., Palokangas, T., Tarasyev, A., Eds.; Dynamic Modeling and Econometrics in Economics and Finance; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010; pp. 79–107 ISBN 9783642021312.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Animals.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. Gravitational Wave Observatories Ready To Start Hunting Again After Upgrade Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/gravitational-wave-observatories-ready-to-start-hunting-again-after-upgrade/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Electronic Government: Success of the Office of Management and Budget’s 25 Initiatives Depends on Effective Management and Oversight; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2003;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Camaya, C. Teachers’ Perceptions of Social Skills Instruction for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix: Phoenix, AZ, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik, J. It’s O.K. To Skip A Season. New York Times 2017, C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Animals
Abbreviation	Animals (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2076-2615
Scope