How to format your references using the Animals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Animals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Thomas, C. Cardiovascular Biology. Nature 2011, 473, 297.

A journal article with 2 authors

Szathmáry, E.; Számadó, S. Being Human: Language: A Social History of Words. Nature 2008, 456, 40–41.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ta, V.D.; Chen, R.; Sun, H.D. Tuning Whispering Gallery Mode Lasing from Self-Assembled Polymer Droplets. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 1362.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Jung, H.Y.; Kang, Y.; Hwang, A.Y.; Lee, C.K.; Han, S.; Kim, D.-H.; Bae, J.-U.; Shin, W.-S.; Jeong, J.K. Origin of the Improved Mobility and Photo-Bias Stability in a Double-Channel Metal Oxide Transistor. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 3765.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Attwood, D.; Baybutt, P.; Devlin, C.; Fluharty, W.; Hughes, G.; Isaacson, D.; Joyner, P.; Lee, E.; Lorenzo, D.; Morrison, L.; et al. Human Factors Methods for Improving Performance in the Process Industries; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2006; ISBN 9780470118849.

An edited book

Cancer Grading Manual; Damjanov, I., Fan, F., Eds.; 2nd ed. 2013.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013; ISBN 9783642345159.

A chapter in an edited book

Gill, S.K. The Complexities of Re-Reversal of Language-in-Education Policy in Malaysia. In English as an International Language in Asia: Implications for Language Education; Kirkpatrick, A., Sussex, R., Eds.; Multilingual Education; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2012; pp. 45–61 ISBN 9789400745773.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Animals.

Blog post

Andrew, E. The Internet Is Eating Your Memory, But Something Better Is Taking Its Place Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/internet-eating-your-memory-something-better-taking-its-place/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office FEA Procurement of Automatic Data Processing Services; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1976;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gonzalez, A.X. Échale Ganas: Engaging, Educating, and Empowering Latino Males at Four-Year Institutions. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg, B. Young Stars Climb Rankings, Jolting Russia’s Dormant Men’s Game to Life. New York Times 2017, B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Animals
Abbreviation	Animals (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2076-2615
Scope