How to format your references using the Animal Gene citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Animal Gene. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Xie, T., 2008. Physiology. Burn fat, live longer. Science 322, 865–866.

A journal article with 2 authors

Melott, A.L., Thomas, B.C., 2012. Causes of an ad 774-775 14C increase. Nature 491, E1-2.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zimmer, J., Nam, Y., Rapoport, T.A., 2008. Structure of a complex of the ATPase SecA and the protein-translocation channel. Nature 455, 936–943.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Almaas, E., Kovács, B., Vicsek, T., Oltvai, Z.N., Barabási, A.-L., 2004. Global organization of metabolic fluxes in the bacterium Escherichia coli. Nature 427, 839–843.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

German Geotechnical Society, 2012. Recommendations for Design and Analysis of Earth Structures using Geosynthetic Reinforcements - EBGEO. Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany.

An edited book

von Davier, M., Gonzalez, E., Kirsch, I., Yamamoto, K. (Eds.), 2013. The Role of International Large-Scale Assessments: Perspectives from Technology, Economy, and Educational Research. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Biswas, D., Vidyasankar, K., 2012. Privacy Preserving Cloud Transactions, in: Meersman, R., Panetto, H., Dillon, T., Rinderle-Ma, S., Dadam, P., Zhou, X., Pearson, S., Ferscha, A., Bergamaschi, S., Cruz, I.F. (Eds.), On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2012: Confederated International Conferences: CoopIS, DOA-SVI, and ODBASE 2012, Rome, Italy, September 10-14, 2012. Proceedings, Part II, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 511–526.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Animal Gene.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., 2016. Highest-Energy Neutrino Spotted Outside Our Galaxy [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/high-energy-extra-galactic-neutrino-detected-icecube/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2008. Aviation and the Environment: NextGen and Research and Development Are Keys to Reducing Emissions and Their Impact on Health and Climate (No. GAO-08-706T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Marcus, J., 2012. Voices of survival: Opera in Theresienstadt (Doctoral dissertation). Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Strauss, B., 2016. Like Father, Like Son. Like the Cubs? No Way! New York Times B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Xie, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Melott and Thomas, 2012; Xie, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Melott and Thomas, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Almaas et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Animal Gene
ISSN (print)	2352-4065
Scope