How to format your references using the Animal Conservation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Animal Conservation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Morgan, B. (2014). Research impact: income for outcome. Nature 511, S72-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fradkin, E., & Kivelson, S. A. (2010). Physics. Electron nematic phases proliferate. Science 327, 155–156.

A journal article with 3 authors

Oppo, D. W., McManus, J. F., & Cullen, J. L. (2003). Palaeo-oceanography: Deepwater variability in the Holocene epoch. Nature 422, 277.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Chen, Y.-H., Li, M.-H., Zhang, Y., He, L.-L., Yamada, Y., Fitzmaurice, A., Shen, Y., Zhang, H., Tong, L., & Yang, J. (2004). Structural basis of the alpha1-beta subunit interaction of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Nature 429, 675–680.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gray, D. R. J. M., & Al-Ani, D. M. Z. (2011). Temporomandibular Disorders. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Retolaza, J. L. (2016). Social Accounting for Sustainability: Monetizing the Social Value. (L. San-José & M. Ruíz-Roqueñi, Eds.). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Savrda, C. E. (2008). Zoophycos, Systematic Stratigraphic Leaking, and Lamella Stratigraphy. In P. J. Harries (Ed.), High-Resolution Approaches in Stratigraphic Paleontology. pp. 129–148. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Animal Conservation.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, November 13). Men May Have Learned To Navigate In Order To Find More Mates. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1994). D.C. Nonappropriated Revenue (No. AIMD-94-71R). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Young, D. L. (2012). A phenomenological investigation of science center exhibition developers’ expertise development (Doctoral dissertation). University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Smith, M., Pérez-Peña, R., & Bromwich, J. E. (2016, November 2). Iowa Man Surrenders After Two Police Officers Are Ambushed Overnight. New York Times, p. A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Morgan, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Fradkin & Kivelson, 2010; Morgan, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fradkin & Kivelson, 2010)
Three authors: (Oppo, McManus, & Cullen, 2003)
4 or more authors: (Chen et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Animal Conservation
ISSN (print)	1367-9430
ISSN (online)	1469-1795
Scope

Research and Writing Guides