How to format your references using the Anesthesiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Anesthesiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Perkel JM: Programming: Pick up Python. Nature 2015; 518:125–6

A journal article with 2 authors

Davies NB, Welbergen JA: Social transmission of a host defense against cuckoo parasitism. Science 2009; 324:1318–20

A journal article with 3 authors

Mukhopadhyay S, Farley KA, Montanari A: A short duration of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary event: evidence from extraterrestrial helium-3. Science 2001; 291:1952–5

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Yeung T, Terebiznik M, Yu L, et al.: Receptor activation alters inner surface potential during phagocytosis. Science 2006; 313:347–51

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tsui JB-Y: Fundamentals of Global Positioning System Receivers. Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004

An edited book

Chen Q, Hameurlain A, Toumani F, Wagner R, Decker H: Database and Expert Systems Applications: 26th International Conference, DEXA 2015, Valencia, Spain, September 1-4, 2015, Proceedings, Part II, 1st ed. 2015. Cham, Springer International Publishing, 2015

A chapter in an edited book

Miatton M, Sarrechia I: Neurological and Psychosocial Development in Adolescence, Congenital Heart Disease and Adolescence. Edited by Schwerzmann M, Thomet C, Moons P. Cham, Springer International Publishing, 2016, pp 61–82

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Anesthesiology.

Blog post

Andrews R: Humans Have More “Plastic,” Adaptable Brains Than Chimpanzees 2015 at <https://www.iflscience.com/brain/humans-have-more-plastic-adaptable-brains-chimpanzees/>

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Alternative Jet Fuels: Federal Activities Support Development and Usage, but Long-term Commercial Viability Hinges on Market Factors. Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 2014

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schaeffler KP: From Flag Officer to Corporate Leader: A Phenomenological Study of the Influence of Career Transition on Executive Leadership and Professional Identity 2015

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Qiu L: An Adoring Crowd, And a Dozen Things That Aren’t True. New York Times 2017:A19

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Anesthesiology
Abbreviation	Anesthesiology
ISSN (print)	0003-3022
ISSN (online)	1528-1175
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine