How to format your references using the Anesthesia and Analgesia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Anesthesia and Analgesia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gottschling DE. Molecular biology. Fragile delivery to the genome. Science 2012;337:160–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cook EH Jr, Scherer SW. Copy-number variations associated with neuropsychiatric conditions. Nature 2008;455:919–23.

A journal article with 3 authors

Brandvain Y, Barker MS, Wade MJ. Gene co-inheritance and gene transfer. Science 2007;315:1685.

A journal article with 31 or more authors

Law M, Sirbuly DJ, Johnson JC, Goldberger J, Saykally RJ, Yang P. Nanoribbon waveguides for subwavelength photonics integration. Science 2004;305:1269–73.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Al-Shuhail AA, Al-Dossary SA, Mousa WA. Seismic Data Interpretation using Digital Image Processing. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017.

An edited book

Markopoulos P, Martens J-B, Malins J, Coninx K, Liapis A, eds. Collaboration in Creative Design: Methods and Tools. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Manu V, Akhil G, Abhinav V, Shakti M, D.s. K. On Demand Logical Resource Replication Scheme as a Service. In: Das VV, Stephen J, eds. Advances in Communication, Network, and Computing: Third International Conference, CNC 2012, Chennai, India, February 24-25, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2012:31–6.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Anesthesia and Analgesia.

Blog post

Luntz S. Meltwater Moves A Bridge Too Far. IFLScience 2014. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/meltwater-moves-bridge-too-far/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Commercial Space Transportation: Industry Trends, Government Challenges, and International Competitiveness Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bethany MP. Business continuity planning: Identifying gaps, patterns and justifications. 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel B. Pro Football; Bowles Hospitalized, and He May Not Coach. New York Times. December 23, 2016:D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Anesthesia and Analgesia
Abbreviation	Anesth. Analg.
ISSN (print)	0003-2999
ISSN (online)	1526-7598
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine

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