How to format your references using the American Journal of Surgical Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Surgical Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Muro M. MOUNT GRAHAM: Report Finds Squirrels Survived 3 Telescopes. Science 2000;289:228a.

A journal article with 2 authors

Levine JM, HilleRisLambers J. The importance of niches for the maintenance of species diversity. Nature 2009;461:254–257.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bhandary S, Eriksson O, Sanyal B. Defect controlled magnetism in FeP/graphene/Ni(111). Sci. Rep. 2013;3:3405.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ahlberg PE, Clack JA, Luksevics E, et al. Ventastega curonica and the origin of tetrapod morphology. Nature 2008;453:1199–1204.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chadwick P. Person-Based Cognitive Therapy for Distressing Psychosis. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

Monkhouse A. SCJD Exam with J2SE 5. Second Edition. (Camerlengo T, ed.). Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Jin X, Jiang J, Min G. Multi-agent Based Personal File Management Using Case Based Reasoning. In: Corchado E, Wu X, Oja E, et al., eds. Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Systems: 4th International Conference, HAIS 2009, Salamanca, Spain, June 10-12, 2009. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009:26–33.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Surgical Pathology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Activists Misuse Open Records Requests To Harass Researchers. IFLScience 2015. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/activists-misuse-open-records-requests-harass-researchers/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Need for a National Ocean Program and Plan. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1975.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fadamin A. Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemistry of the Ruthenium Schiff Base Complex [(Saloph)Ru(NO)Cl]. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. For the Chief Justice, a Dissent and a Line in the Sand. New York Times. April 8, 2007:WK12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Surgical Pathology
Abbreviation	Am. J. Surg. Pathol.
ISSN (print)	0147-5185
ISSN (online)	1532-0979
Scope	Anatomy Pathology and Forensic Medicine Surgery