How to format your references using the American Journal of Surgical Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Surgical Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Oehler S. Comment on “A bacterium that can grow by using arsenic instead of phosphorus.” Science 2011;332:1149; author reply 1149.

A journal article with 2 authors

Perutz MF, Windle AH. Cause of neural death in neurodegenerative diseases attributable to expansion of glutamine repeats. Nature 2001;412:143–144.

A journal article with 3 authors

André P, Ward-Thompson D, Greaves J. Interferometric identification of a pre-brown dwarf. Science 2012;337:69–72.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Romero HE, Bolton K, Rosén A, et al. Atom collision-induced resistivity of carbon nanotubes. Science 2005;307:89–93.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gregory J. Counterparty Credit Risk and Credit Value Adjustment. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

Jikeli G, Allouche-Benayoun J, eds. Perceptions of the Holocaust in Europe and Muslim Communities: Sources, Comparisons and Educational Challenges. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Manu V, Akhil G, Abhinav V, et al. On Demand Logical Resource Replication Scheme as a Service. In: Das VV, Stephen J, eds. Advances in Communication, Network, and Computing: Third International Conference, CNC 2012, Chennai, India, February 24-25, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012:31–36.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Surgical Pathology.

Blog post

Luntz S. A Rough Guide To Spotting Bad Science. IFLScience 2015. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/tips-spotting-bad-science/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Pipeline Safety: Department of Transportation Needs to Complete Regulatory, Data, and Guidance Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bodenmiller JJ. A quantitative relational analysis of leadership style and leader-accountability in nonprofit organizations. 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. Justices Overturn Ruling In Case on Buttons in Court. New York Times. December 12, 2006:A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Surgical Pathology
Abbreviation	Am. J. Surg. Pathol.
ISSN (print)	0147-5185
ISSN (online)	1532-0979
Scope	Anatomy Pathology and Forensic Medicine Surgery