How to format your references using the American Journal of Surgical Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Surgical Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Yayanos AA. Are cells viable at gigapascal pressures? Science 2002;297:295.

A journal article with 2 authors

Luoto TP, Nevalainen L. Long-term water temperature reconstructions from mountain lakes with different catchment and morphometric features. Sci. Rep. 2013;3:2488.

A journal article with 3 authors

Izawa Y, Pun D, Stahl SS. Palladium-catalyzed aerobic dehydrogenation of substituted cyclohexanones to phenols. Science 2011;333:209–213.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Liu Y-X, Sun H-C, Peng ZH, et al. Controllable microwave three-wave mixing via a single three-level superconducting quantum circuit. Sci. Rep. 2014;4:7289.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bhaskar K, Varadan Retd. TK. Plates. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Bassis S, Esposito A, Morabito FC, eds. Advances in Neural Networks: Computational and Theoretical Issues. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Boskou S, Engelbrekt K. Keeping a Low Profile: Greek Strategic Culture and International Military Operations. In: Britz M, ed. European Participation in International Operations: The Role of Strategic Culture. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016:77–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Surgical Pathology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Childhood Health Improves Following Closure of Chinese Coal-Burning Power Plant. IFLScience 2014. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/childhood-health-improves-following-closure-chinese-coal-burning-power-plant/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Army ADP: Prevalence of Fourth Quarter Obligations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Krutsinger R. Evaluation of Grassland Restoration Success in Illinois Using Indicators of Ecosystem Function. 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel B. N.H.L. Says Its Players Will Skip 2018 Olympics. New York Times. April 3, 2017:B7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Surgical Pathology
Abbreviation	Am. J. Surg. Pathol.
ISSN (print)	0147-5185
ISSN (online)	1532-0979
Scope	Anatomy Pathology and Forensic Medicine Surgery