How to format your references using the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wood B. Phillip Vallentine Tobias (1925-2012). Nature 2012;487:40.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ettema TJG, Andersson SGE. Comment on “A 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate autotrophic carbon dioxide assimilation pathway in Archaea.” Science 2008;321:342; author reply 342.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sherman DH, Tsukamoto S, Williams RM. ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. Comment on “Asymmetric syntheses of sceptrin and massadine and evidence for biosynthetic enantiodivergence.” Science 2015;349:149.

A journal article with 30 or more authors

Moreno PI, Jacobson GL Jr, Lowell TV, Denton GH. Interhemispheric climate links revealed by late-glacial cooling episode in southern Chile. Nature 2001;409:804–808.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Simmendinger H. HOAI 2013: Praxisleitfaden für Ingenieure und Architekten. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2013.

An edited book

Adnan R, Ismail SI, Sulaiman N, editors. Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Sports Science, Exercise, Engineering and Technology 2014 (ICoSSEET 2014). Singapore: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Resch K. Cytokines. In: Nijkamp FP, Parnham MJ, editors. Principles of Immunopharmacology Basel: Birkhäuser; 2005. p. 45–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.

Blog post

Fang J. Kiwi Bird Genome Reveals How They Adapted to Nocturnal Lifestyle. IFLScience 2015;at <https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/kiwi-bird-genome-reveals-how-they-adapted-nocturnal-lifestyles/>.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. School Accreditation: Activities of Seven Agencies That Accredit Proprietary Schools. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tafoya A. Impact of HIV/AIDS stigma on seropositive Latinos along the United States-Mexico border. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. Puerto Rico Unveils Painful Plan for Islanders, and Bond Holders. New York Times 2015;

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Abbreviation	Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
ISSN (print)	1073-449X
ISSN (online)	1535-4970
Scope	Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

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