How to format your references using the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Patek SN. Spiny lobsters stick and slip to make sound. Nature 2001;411:153–154.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sachs JD, Reid WV. Environment. Investments toward sustainable development. Science 2006;312:1002.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang Z, Szolnoki A, Perc M. Optimal interdependence between networks for the evolution of cooperation. Sci Rep 2013;3:2470.

A journal article with 30 or more authors

Wong YH, Ryu T, Seridi L, Ghosheh Y, Bougouffa S, Qian P-Y, et al. Transcriptome analysis elucidates key developmental components of bryozoan lophophore development. Sci Rep 2014;4:6534.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kesidis G. An Introduction to Communication Network Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

Djukić D. The IMO Compendium: A Collection of Problems Suggested for The International Mathematical Olympiads: 1959-2009 Second Edition. In: Janković V, Matić I, Petrović N, editors. New York, NY: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Takahashi N, Miyazaki T. INTERACTION BETWEEN A COLUMNAR VORTEX AND EXTERNAL TURBULENCE. In: Kida S, editor. IUTAM Symposium on Elementary Vortices and Coherent Structures: Significance in Turbulence Dynamics: Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium held at Kyoto International Community House, Kyoto, Japan, 26-28 October 2004 Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006. p. 31–38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Dog Born Without Front Limbs Given 3D Printed Legs. IFLScience 2014;at <https://www.iflscience.com/technology/dog-receives-3d-printed-prosthetic-legs/>.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Shuttle: Further Improvements Needed in NASA’s Modernization Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Turpie KR. Enhancement of a canopy reflectance model for understanding the specular and spectral effects of an aquatic background in an inundated tidal marsh. 2012;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron J. Van Wyck Guardrails Take a Beating From Cars and Trump. New York Times 2017;

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Abbreviation	Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
ISSN (print)	1073-449X
ISSN (online)	1535-4970
Scope	Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine