How to format your references using the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vastag B. Assembly work. Nature 2008;453:422–423.

A journal article with 2 authors

Takano Y, Ukezono M. An experimental task to examine the mirror system in rats. Sci Rep 2014;4:6652.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ruby JG, Jan CH, Bartel DP. Intronic microRNA precursors that bypass Drosha processing. Nature 2007;448:83–86.

A journal article with 30 or more authors

Ogawa H, Amagai Y, Koike I, Kaiser K, Benner R. Production of refractory dissolved organic matter by bacteria. Science 2001;292:917–920.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wrobel GM, Neil E. International Advances in Adoption Research for Practice. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.; 2009.

An edited book

Prakash H. Game Theoretic Problems in Network Economics and Mechanism Design Solutions. In: Narayanam R, Garg D, Narahari Y, editors. London: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Obrosova IG. Hyperglycemia-Initiated Mechanisms in Diabetic Neuropathy. In: Veves A, Malik RA, editors. Diabetic Neuropathy: Clinical Management Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2007. p. 69–90.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.

Blog post

Hale T. Egyptian Mummy Of Member Of The Wealthy Elite Discovered In A Tomb Near River Nile. IFLScience 2017;at <https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/egyptian-mummy-of-member-of-the-wealthy-elite-discovered-in-a-tomb-near-river-nile/>.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. D.C. Charter Schools: Strengthening Monitoring and Process When Schools Close Could Improve Accountability and Ease Student Transitions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Solano Cahuana IL. The Production of Apologies by Colombian Learners of English A Study of Pragmatic Acquisition in an EFL Context. 2015;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cowen T. For Small Donors, Better Giving Through Science. New York Times 2015;

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Abbreviation	Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
ISSN (print)	1073-449X
ISSN (online)	1535-4970
Scope	Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine