How to format your references using the American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clevers H. STEM CELLS. What is an adult stem cell? Science. 2015;350(6266):1319-1320.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pitman NCA, Jørgensen PM. Estimating the size of the world’s threatened flora. Science. 2002;298(5595):989.

A journal article with 3 authors

Donlea JM, Ramanan N, Shaw PJ. Use-dependent plasticity in clock neurons regulates sleep need in Drosophila. Science. 2009;324(5923):105-108.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ohnishi K, Ono Y, Nomura T, Kimura T. Significant change of spin transport property in Cu/Nb bilayer due to superconducting transition. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6260.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wassenaar TM. Bacteria. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Zarate CA, Manji HK, eds. Bipolar Depression: Molecular Neurobiology, Clinical Diagnosis and Pharmacotherapy. Birkhäuser; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Medwed M, Schmidt JM. Coding Schemes for Arithmetic and Logic Operations - How Robust Are They? In: Youm HY, Yung M, eds. Information Security Applications: 10th International Workshop, WISA 2009, Busan, Korea, August 25-27, 2009, Revised Selected Papers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2009:51-65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Why Do All Planetary Rings Follow This Elegant Mathematical Law? IFLScience. August 8, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/why-do-all-planetary-rings-follow-elegant-mathematical-law/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Intellectual Property: Agencies Progress in Implementing Recent Legislation, but Enhancements Could Improve Future Plans. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Breckheimer I. Mapping Habitat Quality in Conservation’s Neglected Geography. Doctoral dissertation. University of North Carolina; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Mets Send Duda to Rays; More Trades May Follow. New York Times. July 27, 2017:B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports
Abbreviation	Am. J. Ophthalmol. Case Rep.
ISSN (print)	2451-9936
Scope	Ophthalmology