How to format your references using the American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Benjamin S. QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY: Single Photons. Science. 2000;290(5500):2273-2274.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tang S, Guo A. Choice behavior of Drosophila facing contradictory visual cues. Science. 2001;294(5546):1543-1547.

A journal article with 3 authors

Imaizumi K, Shih JY, Farris HE. Global hyper-synchronous spontaneous activity in the developing optic tectum. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1552.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Corma A, Nemeth LT, Renz M, Valencia S. Sn-zeolite beta as a heterogeneous chemoselective catalyst for Baeyer-Villiger oxidations. Nature. 2001;412(6845):423-425.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rimai DS. Patent Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Amer-Yahia S, Bellahsène Z, Hunt E, Unland R, Yu JX, eds. Database and XML Technologies: 4th International XML Database Symposium, XSym 2006 Seoul, Korea, September 10-11, 2006 Proceedings. Vol 4156. Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Vollbrecht M, Malsch A, Hook ML, Simpson MR, Khan A, Malone ML. Acute Care for Elders (ACE) Tracker and e-Geriatrician Telemedicine Programs. In: Malone ML, Capezuti EA, Palmer RM, eds. Geriatrics Models of Care: Bringing “Best Practice” to an Aging America. Springer International Publishing; 2015:51-56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports.

Blog post

Davis J. One-Off Legal Sale Of Ivory Stockpiles Led To A Dramatic Increase In Elephant Poaching. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. FAA’s Voice Communications and Administrative Computer Systems. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chung EK. The Sophisticated Genetic Diversities of Human Complement Component C4 and RCCX Modules in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University; 2003.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J. The Sport of Struggle. New York Times. January 6, 2017:BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports
Abbreviation	Am. J. Ophthalmol. Case Rep.
ISSN (print)	2451-9936
Scope	Ophthalmology