How to format your references using the American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Poppy G. Science must prepare for impact. Nature. 2015;526(7571):7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Moore BD, Foley WJ. Tree use by koalas in a chemically complex landscape. Nature. 2005;435(7041):488-490.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shah AK, Mullainathan S, Shafir E. Some consequences of having too little. Science. 2012;338(6107):682-685.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Le S, Chen H, Cong P, Lin J, Dröge P, Yan J. Mechanosensing of DNA bending in a single specific protein-DNA complex. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3508.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kitai A. Principles of Solar Cells, LEDs and Diodes: The Role of the PN Junction. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

Nayyeri K. Pro ASP.NET SignalR: Real-Time Communication in .NET with SignalR 2.1. (White D, ed.). Apress; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Kerzner DS, Chodikoff DW. International Tax Enforcement in Canada. In: Chodikoff DW, ed. International Tax Evasion in the Global Information Age. Springer International Publishing; 2016:105-152.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports.

Blog post

Andrew E. Blocking “Pro-Aging” Molecule Could Reverse Memory Loss. IFLScience. July 8, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/blocking-pro-aging-molecule-could-reverse-memory-loss/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. DOD, GSA, and NASA: Federal Acquisition Regulation--Reform of Affirmative Action in Federal Procurement. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chongkrairatanakul W. Foreign-Educated Nurses. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J. Stewart And HBO Pull the Plug On a Project. New York Times. May 24, 2017:B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports
Abbreviation	Am. J. Ophthalmol. Case Rep.
ISSN (print)	2451-9936
Scope	Ophthalmology