How to format your references using the American Journal of Kidney Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Kidney Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bohman T. Mathematics. Emergence of connectivity in networks. Science. 2009;323(5920):1438-1439.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kovach JD, Lamb RS. Evolution. There can be only one. Science. 2014;343(6171):623-624.

A journal article with 3 authors

Clanet C, Hersen F, Bocquet L. Secrets of successful stone-skipping. Nature. 2004;427(6969):29.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Field DB, Baumgartner TR, Charles CD, Ferreira-Bartrina V, Ohman MD. Planktonic foraminifera of the California Current reflect 20th-century warming. Science. 2006;311(5757):63-66.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Baban TM. Shallow Foundations. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Ali Babar M, Vierimaa M, Oivo M, eds. Product-Focused Software Process Improvement: 11th International Conference, PROFES 2010, Limerick, Ireland, June 21-23, 2010. Proceedings. Vol 6156. Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Orman JAL, Selassie AW, Perdue CL, Thurman DJ, Kraus JF. Surveillance of Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Li G, Baker SP, eds. Injury Research: Theories, Methods, and Approaches. Springer US; 2012:61-85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Kidney Diseases.

Blog post

Davis J. Ancestor Of HIV Is At Least 60 Million Years Old. IFLScience. Published August 10, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/ancestor-of-hiv-is-at-least-60-million-years-old/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transit Grants: Need for Improved Predictability, Data, and Monitoring in Application Processing. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rodriguez PJ. “Stepping Stones”: Empowering Mental Health Patients through Connections with Significant Others: A Grant Proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Herrman J. Blue State. New York Times. August 24, 2016:MM50.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Abbreviation	Am. J. Kidney Dis.
ISSN (print)	0272-6386
Scope	Nephrology

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