How to format your references using the American Journal of Kidney Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Kidney Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lal R. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science. 2004;304(5677):1623-1627.

A journal article with 2 authors

Trumbore SE, Czimczik CI. Geology. An uncertain future for soil carbon. Science. 2008;321(5895):1455-1456.

A journal article with 3 authors

Powell A, Shennan S, Thomas MG. Late Pleistocene demography and the appearance of modern human behavior. Science. 2009;324(5932):1298-1301.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Sharpee TO, Sugihara H, Kurgansky AV, Rebrik SP, Stryker MP, Miller KD. Adaptive filtering enhances information transmission in visual cortex. Nature. 2006;439(7079):936-942.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Moeller R. IT Audit, Control, and Security. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Cuzzocrea A, Maabout S, eds. Model and Data Engineering: Third International Conference, MEDI 2013, Amantea, Italy, September 25-27, 2013. Proceedings. Vol 8216. Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Deconinck G, Vanthournout K, Beitollahi H, et al. A Robust Semantic Overlay Network for Microgrid Control Applications. In: Lemos R de, Giandomenico FD, Gacek C, Muccini H, Vieira M, eds. Architecting Dependable Systems V. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2008:101-123.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Kidney Diseases.

Blog post

Andrews R. These Freshly Erupted Hawaiian Lava Flows Are Nothing Short Of Spectacular. IFLScience. Published July 11, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/freshly-erupted-hawaiian-lava-flows-nothing-short-spectacular/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Expenditures for Consulting Services Under Two Federally Funded Education Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1975.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Frey EF. Technology Diffusion and Environmental Regulation: Evidence from Electric Power Plants under the Clean Air Act. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J. ‘Walking Dead’ Producers Sue Its Network. New York Times. August 15, 2017:B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Abbreviation	Am. J. Kidney Dis.
ISSN (print)	0272-6386
Scope	Nephrology