How to format your references using the American Journal of Kidney Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Kidney Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mustelin T. Immunology. Restless T cells sniff and go. Science. 2006;313(5795):1902-1903.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sugavaneshwar RP, Nanda KK. Uninterrupted and reusable source for the controlled growth of nanowires. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1172.

A journal article with 3 authors

Berg RW, Alaburda A, Hounsgaard J. Balanced inhibition and excitation drive spike activity in spinal half-centers. Science. 2007;315(5810):390-393.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Borzi RA, Grigera SA, Farrell J, et al. Formation of a nematic fluid at high fields in Sr3Ru2O7. Science. 2007;315(5809):214-217.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pascoe N. Reliability Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

Miller HJ, ed. Societies and Cities in the Age of Instant Access. Vol 88. Springer Netherlands; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Brenner A. Non-Intentionality of the Lived-Body. In: Tymieniecka AT, ed. Logos of Phenomenology and Phenomenology of the Logos. Book Two: The Human Condition in-the-Unity-of-Everything-There-Is-Alive. Individuation, Self, Person, Self-Determination, Freedom, Necessity. Analecta Husserliana. Springer Netherlands; 2006:33-44.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Kidney Diseases.

Blog post

Davis J. Ancient Alaskan Dolphin May Hold Clues To Evolution Of Bizarre South Asian River Dolphin. IFLScience. August 16, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ancient-alaskan-dolphin-may-hold-clues-to-evolution-of-bizarre-south-asian-river-dolphin/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Landsat Policy Issues Still Unresolved. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Keels D. An Analysis of the Correlation between Teacher Effectiveness and Student Standardized Test Scores. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Alcindor Y. Trump Rallies White Crowd in Wisconsin for the Police. New York Times. August 17, 2016:A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Abbreviation	Am. J. Kidney Dis.
ISSN (print)	0272-6386
Scope	Nephrology