How to format your references using the American Journal of Kidney Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Kidney Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Friedberg EC. DNA damage and repair. Nature. 2003;421(6921):436-440.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fan QR, Hendrickson WA. Structure of human follicle-stimulating hormone in complex with its receptor. Nature. 2005;433(7023):269-277.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schmidt WH, Houang R, Cogan LS. Education. Preparing future math teachers. Science. 2011;332(6035):1266-1267.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Shemansky DE, Stewart AIF, West RA, Esposito LW, Hallett JT, Liu X. The Cassini UVIS stellar probe of the Titan atmosphere. Science. 2005;308(5724):978-982.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Carvalho MC. Practical Laboratory Automation. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2016.

An edited book

Held L. Applied Statistical Inference: Likelihood and Bayes. (Sabanés Bové D, ed.). Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Combemale B, Gonnord L, Rusu V. A Generic Tool for Tracing Executions Back to a DSML’s Operational Semantics. In: France RB, Kuester JM, Bordbar B, Paige RF, eds. Modelling Foundations and Applications: 7th European Conference, ECMFA 2011, Birmingham, UK, June 6 - 9, 2011 Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2011:35-51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Kidney Diseases.

Blog post

Andrew E. How You Can Help Make A Movie About Bill Nye. IFLScience. August 4, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/help-make-awesome-movie-about-bill-nye-reality/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: FAA Needs to More Aggressively Manage Its Inspection Program. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Milner M. An Evaluation of the Influence of Case Method Instruction on the Reflective Thinking of MSW Students. Doctoral dissertation. University of South Florida; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. Justices to Hear Case on Use of Union Fees. New York Times. September 27, 2006:A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Abbreviation	Am. J. Kidney Dis.
ISSN (print)	0272-6386
Scope	Nephrology