How to format your references using the Alpine Botany citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Alpine Botany. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pourquié O (2003) The segmentation clock: converting embryonic time into spatial pattern. Science 301:328–330

A journal article with 2 authors

Tran AP, Silver J (2015) Neuroscience. Systemically treating spinal cord injury. Science 348:285–286

A journal article with 3 authors

O’Nions K, Pitman R, Marsh C (2002) Science of nuclear warheads. Nature 415:853–857

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Li X, Zhu J, Man Z, et al (2014) Investigation on the structure and upconversion fluorescence of Yb³⁺/Ho³⁺ co-doped fluorapatite crystals for potential biomedical applications. Sci Rep 4:4446

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jacobsson M, Niemegeers I, Heemstra de Groot S (2010) Personal Networks. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Määttä K, Uusiautti S (eds) (2013) Many Faces of Love. SensePublishers, Rotterdam

A chapter in an edited book

Edwards SA, Vasudevan N (2010) Compiling SHIM. In: Shukla SK, Talpin J-P (eds) Synthesis of Embedded Software: Frameworks and Methodologies for Correctness by Construction. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 121–146

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Alpine Botany.

Blog post

Fang J (2014) Sharks Keep Attacking Google’s Deep-Ocean Internet Cables. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/sharks-keep-attacking-googles-deep-ocean-internet-cables/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2002) Information Technology: Enterprise Architecture Use Across the Federal Government Can Be Improved. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Croghan A (2014) The Effects of Depressive Symptomatology, Intrusive Thinking, and Age on Cognitive Functioning. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dominus S (2014) About That Night. New York Times MM21

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pourquié 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Pourquié 2003; Tran and Silver 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tran and Silver 2015)
Three or more authors: (Li et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Alpine Botany
Abbreviation	Alp. Bot.
ISSN (print)	1664-2201
ISSN (online)	1664-221X
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Plant Science