How to format your references using the Alpine Botany citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Alpine Botany. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vogel V (2010) Journal club. A bioengineer discusses how mechanical forces in tissues may promote malignancy. Nature 463:591

A journal article with 2 authors

Funk JL, Vitousek PM (2007) Resource-use efficiency and plant invasion in low-resource systems. Nature 446:1079–1081

A journal article with 3 authors

Tang C, Iwahara J, Clore GM (2006) Visualization of transient encounter complexes in protein-protein association. Nature 444:383–386

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Van Eck S, Goriely S, Jorissen A, Plez B (2001) Discovery of three lead-rich stars. Nature 412:793–795

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gywat O, Krenner HJ, Berezovsky J (2009) Spins in Optically Active Quantum Dots. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Peccati G, Reitzner M (eds) (2016) Stochastic Analysis for Poisson Point Processes: Malliavin Calculus, Wiener-Itô Chaos Expansions and Stochastic Geometry. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Dempster AP (2008) A Generalization of Bayesian Inference. In: Yager RR, Liu L (eds) Classic Works of the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Belief Functions. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 73–104

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Alpine Botany.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Daily Diary Reveals How Cannabis Use Affects People With Bipolar. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/daily-diary-reveals-how-cannabis-use-affects-people-bipolar/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000) Information Technology: Update on VA Actions to Implement Critical Reforms. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Abuzainab N (2013) Energy and security aspects of wireless networks: Performance and tradeoffs. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Price M (2017) Trial by Fire: 2 Forests Offer Clues to Yellowstone’s Future. New York Times A12

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Vogel 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Funk and Vitousek 2007; Vogel 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Funk and Vitousek 2007)
Three or more authors: (Van Eck et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Alpine Botany
Abbreviation	Alp. Bot.
ISSN (print)	1664-2201
ISSN (online)	1664-221X
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Plant Science