How to format your references using the Alpine Botany citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Alpine Botany. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

van Deursen JM (2014) The role of senescent cells in ageing. Nature 509:439–446

A journal article with 2 authors

Kuo I-FW, Mundy CJ (2004) An ab initio molecular dynamics study of the aqueous liquid-vapor interface. Science 303:658–660

A journal article with 3 authors

Cziczo DJ, Thomson DS, Murphy DM (2001) Ablation, flux, and atmospheric implications of meteors inferred from stratospheric aerosol. Science 291:1772–1775

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Ni GX, McLeod AS, Sun Z, et al (2018) Fundamental limits to graphene plasmonics. Nature 557:530–533

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Martin-Flatin J-P (2002) Web-Based Management of IP Networks and Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Krishna R, Yu L (eds) (2008) Biopharmaceutics Applications in Drug Development. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Mañas P, Vercet A (2006) Effect of PEF on Enzymes and Food Constituents. In: Raso J, Heinz V (eds) Pulsed Electric Fields Technology for the Food Industry: Fundamentals and Applications. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 131–151

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Alpine Botany.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Revealed For The First Time: Map Sheds Light On Dark Matter That Binds The Universe Together. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/revealed-first-time-map-sheds-light-dark-matter-binds-universe-together/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Actions Needed on Electronic Data Exchanges. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McCain AK (2015) Influence of market setting and time of purchase on counts of aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, and coliform and prevalence of Salmonella and Listeria in beef, pork, and chicken in Vietnam. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J (2017) An Observer Inside the Terrifying World of Jihad. New York Times C5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (van Deursen 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Kuo and Mundy 2004; van Deursen 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kuo and Mundy 2004)
Three or more authors: (Ni et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Alpine Botany
Abbreviation	Alp. Bot.
ISSN (print)	1664-2201
ISSN (online)	1664-221X
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Plant Science