How to format your references using the Agroforestry Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Agroforestry Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

de Waal FBM (2012) The antiquity of empathy. Science 336:874–876

A journal article with 2 authors

Ren B-C, Deng F-G (2014) Hyper-parallel photonic quantum computation with coupled quantum dots. Sci Rep 4:4623

A journal article with 3 authors

O’Gorman CM, Fuller HT, Dyer PS (2009) Discovery of a sexual cycle in the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Nature 457:471–474

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Seneviratne SI, Lüthi D, Litschi M, Schär C (2006) Land-atmosphere coupling and climate change in Europe. Nature 443:205–209

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wang B-C (2008) Digital Signal Processing Techniques and Applications in Radar Image Processing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Chhieng DC (2007) Pancreatic Cytopathology. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Nimmerjahn F (2013) Molecular and Cellular Pathways Involved in the Anti-inflammatory Activity of IgG. In: Nimmerjahn F (ed) Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Antibody Activity. Springer, New York, NY, pp 113–138

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Agroforestry Systems.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Researchers Use Genetic Switch To Reverse Leukemia In Mice. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/researchers-use-genetic-switch-reverse-leukemia-mice/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) Federal Judicial Space Follow-up. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grace-McCaskey CA (2012) Fishermen, Politics, and Participation: An Ethnographic Examination of Commercial Fisheries Management in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J (2017) Wheeler’s Solid Start Helps Mets Win. New York Times B11

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (de Waal 2012).
This sentence cites two references (de Waal 2012; Ren and Deng 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ren and Deng 2014)
Three or more authors: (Seneviratne et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Agroforestry Systems
Abbreviation	Agrofor. Syst.
ISSN (print)	0167-4366
ISSN (online)	1572-9680
Scope	Agronomy and Crop Science Forestry

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