How to format your references using the Agroforestry Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Agroforestry Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heglund NC (2004) Physiology. Running a-fowl of the law. Science 303:47–48

A journal article with 2 authors

Polidoro B, Carpenter K (2013) Ecology. Dynamics of coral reef recovery. Science 340:34–35

A journal article with 3 authors

Stebe KJ, Lewandowski E, Ghosh M (2009) Materials science. Oriented assembly of metamaterials. Science 325:159–160

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhang H-L, Zang Y, Xie J, et al (2014) A “clicked” tetrameric hydroxamic acid glycopeptidomimetic antagonizes sugar-lectin interactions on the cellular level. Sci Rep 4:5513

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Langlois P (2013) Simulation of Complex Systems in GIS. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Orrell J, Curtis DD (eds) (2016) Publishing Higher Degree Research: Making the Transition from Student to Researcher. SensePublishers, Rotterdam

A chapter in an edited book

Morgado C, Leitão T, Cunha JC (2014) An Approach for Characterizing Group-Based Interactive Environments. In: Lai C, Giuliani A, Semeraro G (eds) Distributed Systems and Applications of Information Filtering and Retrieval: DART 2012: Revised and Invited Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 79–100

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Agroforestry Systems.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2017) Is Mars Already Forming A Ring System? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/is-mars-already-forming-a-ring-system/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) Financial Audit: District of Columbia Highway Trust Fund’s Fiscal Year 1997 Financial Statements. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Huang J (2013) Multispectral Imaging of Skin Oxygenation. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Belson K, Pilon M (2012) Hostility Lingers Over Wittenberg’s Handling of Marathon Cancellation. New York Times B15

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Heglund 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Heglund 2004; Polidoro and Carpenter 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Polidoro and Carpenter 2013)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Agroforestry Systems
Abbreviation	Agrofor. Syst.
ISSN (print)	0167-4366
ISSN (online)	1572-9680
Scope	Agronomy and Crop Science Forestry