How to format your references using the Age and Ageing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Age and Ageing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Szymańska MH. Physics. Intertwining electron tunneling with light. Science 2012; 336: 679–680.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rensberger JM, Watabe M. Fine structure of bone in dinosaurs, birds and mammals. Nature 2000; 406: 619–622.

A journal article with 3 authors

Losos JB, Schoener TW, Spiller DA. Predator-induced behaviour shifts and natural selection in field-experimental lizard populations. Nature 2004; 432: 505–508.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Gulde S, Riebe M, Lancaster GPT et al. Implementation of the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm on an ion-trap quantum computer. Nature 2003; 421: 48–50.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Malamed C. Visual Design Solutions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015.

An edited book

McMillan KL, Rival X, eds. Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation: 15th International Conference, VMCAI 2014, San Diego, CA, USA, January 19-21, 2014, Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Meershoek G. The Dutch Police and the Explosion of Violence in the Early 1980s. In: Campion J, Rousseaux X, editors. Policing New Risks in Modern European History. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016: 86–96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Age and Ageing.

Blog post

Hale T. A Brief History Of Unexpected Things Spiders Have Been Caught Eating. IFLScience 2017 https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/a-brief-history-of-unexpected-things-spiders-have-been-caught-eating/ (30 October 2018, date last accessed).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Kachemak Bay Ferry: Federally Funded Ferry Was Constructed with Limited Oversight and Faces Future Operating Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Webster WP. The Influence of Philanthropy and Administrative Decision-making Models on a Liberal Arts College’s Strategic Planning Process: A Case Study. 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Markoff J. Trump Won Battle of Ranting, Raving Twitter Robots, Researchers Say. New York Times 2016 A22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1,2,3,4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Age and Ageing
ISSN (print)	0002-0729
ISSN (online)	1468-2834
Scope