How to format your references using the Age and Ageing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Age and Ageing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Grayson M. Science masterclass. Nature 2010; 467: S1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Venkatesan AK, Halden RU. Wastewater treatment plants as chemical observatories to forecast ecological and human health risks of manmade chemicals. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 3731.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schoemaker HE, Mink D, Wubbolts MG. Dispelling the myths--biocatalysis in industrial synthesis. Science 2003; 299: 1694–1697.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ruan C-Y, Lobastov VA, Vigliotti F, Chen S, Zewail AH. Ultrafast electron crystallography of interfacial water. Science 2004; 304: 80–84.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lombard M. SolidWorks® 2011 Parts Bible. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2011.

An edited book

Siegesmund S, Snethlage R, eds. Stone in Architecture: Properties, Durability. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Pruvost G, Heinroth T, Bellik Y, Minker W. User Interaction Adaptation within Ambient Environments. In: Minker W, Heinroth T, editors. Next Generation Intelligent Environments: Ambient Adaptive Systems. New York, NY: Springer, 2011: 153–194.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Age and Ageing.

Blog post

Luntz S. Early Human Diversity Underestimated. IFLScience 2015 https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/early-human-diversity-underestimated/ (30 October 2018, date last accessed).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: Federal Air Marshal Service Could Benefit from Improved Planning and Controls. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Claar PL. A Correlational Study Comparing the Relationship between School Leader Intercultural Development, Selected Demographic Variables, and Student Achievement. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira S. Cosby Is the Man on Trial. But So Are Power Dynamics. New York Times 2017 C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1,2,3,4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Age and Ageing
ISSN (print)	0002-0729
ISSN (online)	1468-2834
Scope