How to format your references using the Age and Ageing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Age and Ageing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

deMenocal PB. Anthropology. Climate and human evolution. Science 2011; 331: 540–542.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schulz HN, Schulz HD. Large sulfur bacteria and the formation of phosphorite. Science 2005; 307: 416–418.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ammon CJ, Kanamori H, Lay T. A great earthquake doublet and seismic stress transfer cycle in the central Kuril islands. Nature 2008; 451: 561–565.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Keeling MJ, Woolhouse ME, Shaw DJ et al. Dynamics of the 2001 UK foot and mouth epidemic: stochastic dispersal in a heterogeneous landscape. Science 2001; 294: 813–817.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

DiBattista M. Novel Characters. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

An edited book

Hayat MA, ed. Pediatric Cancer, Volume 3: Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Stahl G. Interactional Methods and Social Practices in VMT. In: Stahl G, editor. Studying Virtual Math Teams. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009: 41–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Age and Ageing.

Blog post

Andrew E. Stem Cells Converted Into Lung Tissue. IFLScience 2013 https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/stem-cells-converted-lung-tissue/ (30 October 2018, date last accessed).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Implementation of the Beach Act of 2000: EPA and States Have Made Progress, but Additional Actions Could Improve Public Health Protection. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Yudell M. Making race: Biology and the evolution of the race concept in 20th century American thought. 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J. Before Series Debut, FX Says ‘Feud’ Will Endure. New York Times 2017 B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1,2,3,4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Age and Ageing
ISSN (print)	0002-0729
ISSN (online)	1468-2834
Scope