How to format your references using the African Zoology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for African Zoology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

KALIRAI, J. S. 2012. The age of the Milky Way inner halo. Nature 486:90–92.

A journal article with 2 authors

WOLF, E. T. & TOON, O. B. 2010. Fractal organic hazes provided an ultraviolet shield for early Earth. Science (New York, N.Y.) 328:1266–1268.

A journal article with 3 authors

LEE, J.-Y., TANG, C. Y. & HUO, F. 2014. Fabrication of porous matrix membrane (PMM) using metal-organic framework as green template for water treatment. Scientific reports 4:3740.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

JOHNSON, M. E., VIGGIANO, L., BAILEY, J. A., ABDUL-RAUF, M., GOODWIN, G., ROCCHI, M. & EICHLER, E. E. 2001. Positive selection of a gene family during the emergence of humans and African apes. Nature 413:514–519.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

BILL HUITT, W. M. 2016. Bioprocessing Piping and Equipment Design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

DOLING, J. 2013. Demographic Change and Housing Wealth: Home-owners, Pensions and Asset-based Welfare in Europe. P. (M. Elsinga, Ed.). Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht. XVI, 164 p pp.

A chapter in an edited book

SHTOBER-ZISU, N. & INBAR, M. 2014. Geomorphology. Pp. 69–77 in Zohary, T., Sukenik, A., Berman, T. & Nishri, A. (eds.). Lake Kinneret: Ecology and Management. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for African Zoology.

Blog post

ANDREW, E. 2013, December 31. First patient receives next-generation artificial heart replacement. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE. 1973. Expenditures for Public Affairs Activities. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

HARRIS, K. R. 2010. The need for social workers in community clinic settings: A grant writing project. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

JACOBY, S. 2013, November 3. Keep the Gates of Paradise Open. New York Times:SR9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kalirai 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Wolf & Toon 2010, Kalirai 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wolf & Toon 2010)
Three or more authors: (Johnson et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	African Zoology
Abbreviation	Afr. Zool.
ISSN (print)	1562-7020
ISSN (online)	2224-073X
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology