How to format your references using the African Zoology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for African Zoology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

VRAKKING, M. 2009. Chemical physics: Electronic movies. Nature 460:960–961.

A journal article with 2 authors

VAN ENK, S. J. & KIMBLE, H. J. 2005. Comment on ‘Quantum state transfer between matter and light’. Science (New York, N.Y.) 309:1187; author reply 1187.

A journal article with 3 authors

CHOW, J., KOPP, R. J. & PORTNEY, P. R. 2003. Energy resources and global development. Science (New York, N.Y.) 302:1528–1531.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

YIN, H. M., KABLE, S. H., ZHANG, X. & BOWMAN, J. M. 2006. Signatures of H2CO photodissociation from two electronic states. Science (New York, N.Y.) 311:1443–1446.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

WILLS, B. 2016. Purposely Profitable. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

RAO, M. S. (Ed.). 2006. Neural Development and Stem Cells (Second Edition). Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. 468p. 84 illus pp.

A chapter in an edited book

MORSCHETT, D., SCHRAMM-KLEIN, H. & ZENTES, J. 2009. Role Typologies for Foreign Subsidiaries. Pp. 51–70 in Schramm-Klein, H. & Zentes, J. (eds.). Strategic International Management: Text and Cases. Gabler, Wiesbaden.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for African Zoology.

Blog post

FANG, J. 2014, July 30. Killer Worm Sperm Stops Different Species From Breeding. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE. 1999. Social Security Administration: Update on Year 2000 and Other Key Information Technology Initiatives. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

CANAN, D. 2016. Action Research Study on the Gradual Release of Responsibility, Critical Thinking Skills and Use of Intertextuality in a Midwest Suburban High School Setting. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

GRYNBAUM, M. M. 2017, June 6. MSNBC Surges to an Unfamiliar Spot: No. 1. New York Times:B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Vrakking 2009).
This sentence cites two references (van Enk & Kimble 2005, Vrakking 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (van Enk & Kimble 2005)
Three or more authors: (Yin et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	African Zoology
Abbreviation	Afr. Zool.
ISSN (print)	1562-7020
ISSN (online)	2224-073X
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology