How to format your references using the African Journal of Marine Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for African Journal of Marine Science (AJMS). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Maldacena J 2014. Cosmology. Testing gauge/gravity duality on a quantum black hole. Science (New York, N.Y.) 344: 806–807.

A journal article with 2 authors

Amico G, Aizen MA 2000. Mistletoe seed dispersal by a marsupial. Nature 408: 929–930.

A journal article with 3 authors

Brechbühl J, Klaey M, Broillet M-C 2008. Grueneberg ganglion cells mediate alarm pheromone detection in mice. Science (New York, N.Y.) 321: 1092–1095.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Rink JC, Gurley KA, Elliott SA, Sánchez Alvarado A 2009. Planarian Hh signaling regulates regeneration polarity and links Hh pathway evolution to cilia. Science (New York, N.Y.) 326: 1406–1410.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

van Etten WC 2006. Introduction to Random Signals and Noise. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Takahashi T (ed.) 2016. Radiological Issues for Fukushima’s Revitalized Future. Tokyo: Springer Japan.

A chapter in an edited book

Eemeren F, Garssen B, Meuffels B 2009. The Confrontation Stage: The Freedom Rule. In: Garssen B, Meuffels B (eds), Fallacies and Judgments of Reasonableness: Empirical Research Concerning the Pragma-Dialectical Discussion Rules. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp 85–109.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for African Journal of Marine Science.

Blog post

Fang J 2015. Bilingual Chimps Can Grunt ‘Apple’ in Two Languages. Accessed from https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/bilingual-chimps-can-grunt-apple-two-languages/, 2018-10-30.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 2014. Airport Funding: Aviation Industry Changes Affect Airport Development Costs and Financing. GAO-14-658T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shen H 2009. Organization -employee relationships model: A two -sided story. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J 2017 (26 May). Hamilton Minus Music. New York Times, BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Maldacena 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Amico and Aizen 2000, Maldacena 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Amico and Aizen 2000)
Three or more authors: (Rink et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	African Journal of Marine Science
ISSN (print)	1814-232X
ISSN (online)	1814-2338
Scope