How to format your references using the African Geographical Review citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for African Geographical Review. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Engheta, N. (2007). Circuits with light at nanoscales: optical nanocircuits inspired by metamaterials. Science (New York, N.Y.), 317(5845), 1698–1702.

A journal article with 2 authors

Audet, P., & Bürgmann, R. (2014). Possible control of subduction zone slow-earthquake periodicity by silica enrichment. Nature, 510(7505), 389–392.

A journal article with 3 authors

Alarousu, E., AlSaggaf, A., & Jabbour, G. E. (2013). Online monitoring of printed electronics by Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography. Scientific Reports, 3, 1562.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Greaves, S. J., Rose, R. A., Oliver, T. A. A., Glowacki, D. R., Ashfold, M. N. R., Harvey, J. N., Clark, I. P., Greetham, G. M., Parker, A. W., Towrie, M., & Orr-Ewing, A. J. (2011). Vibrationally quantum-state-specific reaction dynamics of H atom abstraction by CN radical in solution. Science (New York, N.Y.), 331(6023), 1423–1426.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wing, C. (2012). How Your House Works. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Šimko, J. (2014). Semantic Acquisition Games: Harnessing Manpower for Creating Semantics (M. Bieliková, Ed.). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Fujishiro, T., Kobayashi, H., & Bauer, T. W. (2008). Autograft Bone. In W. S. Pietrzak (Ed.), Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration: Biological Materials and Methods (pp. 65–79). Humana Press.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for African Geographical Review.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, June 1). Watch A Cheetah Robot Jump Over Hurdles Without Slowing Down. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/cheetah-robot-jumps-over-hurdles-without-slowing-down/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2000). Electronic Government: Opportunities and Challenges Facing the FirstGov Web Gateway (GAO-01-87T). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Abrahamian, A. (2012). Diagnosis and treatment of childhood depression: A resource for pediatricians [Doctoral dissertation]. Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L. (2006, October 1). Grants Will Aid First-Time Home Buyers. New York Times, 14LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Engheta, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Audet & Bürgmann, 2014; Engheta, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Audet & Bürgmann, 2014)
Three authors: (Alarousu et al., 2013)
6 or more authors: (Greaves et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	African Geographical Review
Abbreviation	Afr. Geogr. Rev.
ISSN (print)	1937-6812
ISSN (online)	2163-2642
Scope	Earth-Surface Processes Geography, Planning and Development

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