How to format your references using the African Geographical Review citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for African Geographical Review. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clement, C. M. (2002). Astronomy. Of clusters and galaxies. Science (New York, N.Y.), 297(5581), 532–533.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bozic, I., & Nowak, M. A. (2013). Cancer. Unwanted evolution. Science (New York, N.Y.), 342(6161), 938–939.

A journal article with 3 authors

Grassly, N. C., Fraser, C., & Garnett, G. P. (2005). Host immunity and synchronized epidemics of syphilis across the United States. Nature, 433(7024), 417–421.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Song, B., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Xiao, P., Lai, M. O., & Lu, L. (2013). High rate capability caused by surface cubic spinels in Li-rich layer-structured cathodes for Li-ion batteries. Scientific Reports, 3, 3094.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Spence, R. (2008). Introductory Circuits. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Kardel, T., & Maquet, P. (Eds.). (2013). Nicolaus Steno: Biography and Original Papers of a 17th Century Scientist. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Ansari, N., & Zhang, J. (2013). Media Access Control and Resource Allocation in WDM PON. In J. Zhang (Ed.), Media Access Control and Resource Allocation: For Next Generation Passive Optical Networks (pp. 53–65). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for African Geographical Review.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, May 23). Ancient Arctic DNA Suggests That Dogs And Wolves Split 40,000 Years Ago. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ancient-arctic-dna-suggests-that-dogs-and-wolves-split-40000-years-ago/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1989). ADP Planning: SSA’s February 1989 Report on Computer Modernization Is Incomplete (IMTEC-89-76). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schmittel, M. (2013). The Children First Foundation Parenting Education Program: A Study on the Effectiveness of a Divorce Parenting Education Program [Doctoral dissertation]. Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, J. (2017, February 14). NBC News Revamps Leadership and Focuses Abroad. New York Times, B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Clement, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Bozic & Nowak, 2013; Clement, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bozic & Nowak, 2013)
Three authors: (Grassly et al., 2005)
6 or more authors: (Song et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	African Geographical Review
Abbreviation	Afr. Geogr. Rev.
ISSN (print)	1937-6812
ISSN (online)	2163-2642
Scope	Earth-Surface Processes Geography, Planning and Development