How to format your references using the African Geographical Review citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for African Geographical Review. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Leadlay, P. F. (2014). Structural biology: enzyme assembly line pictured. Nature, 510(7506), 482–483.

A journal article with 2 authors

Matsuda, N., & Tanaka, K. (2015). Cell biology: Tagged tags engage disposal. Nature, 524(7565), 294–295.

A journal article with 3 authors

Aravin, A. A., Hannon, G. J., & Brennecke, J. (2007). The Piwi-piRNA pathway provides an adaptive defense in the transposon arms race. Science (New York, N.Y.), 318(5851), 761–764.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Li, J.-M., Jin, Z.-X., Hagedorn, F., & Li, M.-H. (2014). Short-term parasite-infection alters already the biomass, activity and functional diversity of soil microbial communities. Scientific Reports, 4, 6895.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Damrosch, D. (2017). How to Read World Literature. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Kamel, M., Karray, F., & Hagras, H. (Eds.). (2012). Autonomous and Intelligent Systems: Third International Conference, AIS 2012, Aveiro, Portugal, June 25-27, 2012. Proceedings (Vol. 7326). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Das, T., & Chakraborty, S. (2010). Bio-Microfluidics: Overview. In S. Chakraborty (Ed.), Microfluidics and Microfabrication (pp. 131–179). Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for African Geographical Review.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2017, June 2). Ultra-Stable Perovskite Cells Signal Dawn Of A Solar Age. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/ultra-stable-perovskite-cells-signal-dawn-of-a-solar-age/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2000). Gender Equity: Men’s and Women’s Participation in Higher Education (GAO-01-128). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Le Blanc, J. D. (2017). Helping African American Middle School Students Transition to High School with the New Normal Project: A Grant Proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, J. (2016, October 21). Henry Green’s (Latest) Comeback. New York Times, BR6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Leadlay, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Leadlay, 2014; Matsuda & Tanaka, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Matsuda & Tanaka, 2015)
Three authors: (Aravin et al., 2007)
6 or more authors: (Li et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	African Geographical Review
Abbreviation	Afr. Geogr. Rev.
ISSN (print)	1937-6812
ISSN (online)	2163-2642
Scope	Earth-Surface Processes Geography, Planning and Development