How to format your references using the African Evaluation Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for African Evaluation Journal (AEJ). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Noctor, G., 2015, ‘PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY. Lighting the fuse on toxic TNT’, Science (New York, N.Y.), 349(6252), 1052–1053.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kunz, W. & Kellermeier, M., 2009, ‘Materials science. Beyond biomineralization’, Science (New York, N.Y.), 323(5912), 344–345.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gorb, E.V., Purtov, J. & Gorb, S.N., 2014, ‘Adhesion force measurements on the two wax layers of the waxy zone in Nepenthes alata pitchers’, Scientific reports, 4, 5154.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Shalitin, D., Yang, H., Mockler, T.C., Maymon, M., Guo, H., Whitelam, G.C. & Lin, C., 2002, ‘Regulation of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 by blue-light-dependent phosphorylation’, Nature, 417(6890), 763–767.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Manasreh, O., 2011, Introduction to Nanomaterials and Devices, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Verbert, K., Sharples, M. & Klobučar, T. (eds.), 2016, Adaptive and Adaptable Learning: 11th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, EC-TEL 2016, Lyon, France, September 13-16, 2016, Proceedings, vol. 9891, Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Japkowicz, N. & Shah, M., 2015, ‘Performance Evaluation in Machine Learning’, in I. El Naqa, R. Li & M.J. Murphy (eds.), Machine Learning in Radiation Oncology: Theory and Applications, pp. 41–56, Springer International Publishing, Cham.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for African Evaluation Journal.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015, Meat is a Complex Health Issue but a Simple Climate one: the World Needs to Eat Less of it, IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1976, Student Attrition at the Five Federal Service Academies - Enclosure C, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Galan, M., 2012, Educational practices to support homeless students – PhD thesis, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA .

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker, L., 2007, In Tacoma, A Residential Rebirth, New York Times, p. BU15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Noctor 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Kunz & Kellermeier 2009; Noctor 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kunz & Kellermeier 2009)
Three or more authors: (Shalitin et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	African Evaluation Journal
ISSN (print)	2310-4988
ISSN (online)	2306-5133
Scope