How to format your references using the Advances in Physiology Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Advances in Physiology Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Barish B. Physics: Let US physics commit to collaboration. Nature 491: 522, 2012.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cane MA, Evans M. CLIMATE VARIABILITY: Enhanced: Do the Tropics Rule? Science 290: 1107–1108, 2000.

A journal article with 3 authors

Young BA, Gruber TM, Gross CA. Minimal machinery of RNA polymerase holoenzyme sufficient for promoter melting. Science 303: 1382–1384, 2004.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Philippa B, Stolterfoht M, Burn PL, Juška G, Meredith P, White RD, Pivrikas A. The impact of hot charge carrier mobility on photocurrent losses in polymer-based solar cells. Sci Rep 4: 5695, 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chitrapu P. Wideband TDD. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005.

An edited book

Donnelly M, Paggetti C, Nugent C, Mokhtari M, editors. Impact Analysis of Solutions for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management: 10th International Conference on Smart Homes and Health Telematics, ICOST 2012, Artiminio, Italy, June 12-15, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Papadopoulos H, Haralambous H. Neural Networks Regression Inductive Conformal Predictor and Its Application to Total Electron Content Prediction. In: Artificial Neural Networks – ICANN 2010: 20th International Conference, Thessaloniki, Greece, September 15-18, 2010, Proceedings, Part I, edited by Diamantaras K, Duch W, Iliadis LS. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2010, p. 32–41.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Advances in Physiology Education.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Microbes: Our Tiny, Crucial Allies [Online]. IFLScience IFLScience: 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/microbes-our-tiny-crucial-allies/ [30 Oct. 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Freight Railroads: Electronic Supplement on Rates and Other Industry Trends, 1985-2005 (GAO-07-292SP), an E-supplement to GAO-07-291R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pobat M. It is all in the Mind of the Manager—Using Cognitive Complexity to Explore the Global Mindset—A Comparative Case Study. George Washington University: 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

B Y Robert Kelly;, who teaches at Bard College, is a Poet Whose, Music ’ ’not This Island, ’ ’ Will be Published. A LOVE AFFAIR WITH SILENCE. New York Times: 721, 1986.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (2).
This sentence cites two references (2, 4).
This sentence cites four references (2, 4, 6, 8).

About the journal

Full journal title	Advances in Physiology Education
Abbreviation	Adv. Physiol. Educ.
ISSN (print)	1043-4046
ISSN (online)	1522-1229
Scope	Physiology General Medicine