How to format your references using the Advances in Optics and Photonics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Advances in Optics and Photonics (AOP). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

G. F. Bignami, "A 1,000-year chain of thinkers," Nature 404, 227 (2000).

A journal article with 2 authors

A. Tripati and H. Elderfield, "Deep-sea temperature and circulation changes at the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum," Science 308, 1894–1898 (2005).

A journal article with 3 authors

C. L. Johnson, C. G. Constable, and L. Tauxe, "Geophysics. Mapping long-term changes in Earth’s magnetic field," Science 300, 2044–2045 (2003).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

H. Ham, N.-H. Park, S. S. Kim, and H. W. Kim, "Evidence of Ostwald ripening during evolution of micro-scale solid carbon spheres," Sci. Rep. 4, 3579 (2014).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

J. Henden, Beating Combat Stress (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011).

An edited book

A. J. Jakeman, O. Barreteau, R. J. Hunt, J.-D. Rinaudo, and A. Ross, eds., Integrated Groundwater Management: Concepts, Approaches and Challenges (Springer International Publishing, 2016).

A chapter in an edited book

M. S. Acharya, W. Wu, M. Auer, and L. te Kamp, "Centrifuge Model Test of a Bamboo Crib Wall," in Recent Advances in Modeling Landslides and Debris Flows, W. Wu, ed., Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering (Springer International Publishing, 2015), pp. 49–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Advances in Optics and Photonics.

Blog post

R. Andrews, "Scientists Are Running For Congress Because “The Future Hangs In The Balance,”" https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/scientists-are-running-for-congress-because-the-future-hangs-in-the-balance/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, Health Care: Home Care Experiences of Families With Chronically Ill Children (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1989).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

A. D. Warrick, "“Deep” South: Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, and Environmental Knowledge, 1800-1974," Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University (2017).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

J. Medina, R. Pérez-Peña, M. S. Schmidt, and L. Goodstein, "Arms Stockpile Is Found in Home of Two Suspects," New York Times (December 3, 2015).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Advances in Optics and Photonics
ISSN (online)	1943-8206
Scope