How to format your references using the Advances in Ophthalmology and Optometry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Advances in Ophthalmology and Optometry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R.J. Parkes, A case of bacterial immortality?, Nature 407 (2000) 844–845.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

T. Mitchell-Olds, J. Schmitt, Genetic mechanisms and evolutionary significance of natural variation in Arabidopsis, Nature 441 (2006) 947–952.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S. Ilonidis, J. Zhao, A. Kosovichev, Detection of emerging sunspot regions in the solar interior, Science 333 (2011) 993–996.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

E. Vollbrecht, P.S. Springer, L. Goh, E.S. Buckler 4th, R. Martienssen, Architecture of floral branch systems in maize and related grasses, Nature 436 (2005) 1119–1126.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

P. Franco, Understanding Bitcoin, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

W. Aspray, Formal and Informal Approaches to Food Policy, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

D. Lomet, Transactions: From Local Atomicity to Atomicity in the Cloud, in: C.B. Jones, J.L. Lloyd (Eds.), Dependable and Historic Computing: Essays Dedicated to Brian Randell on the Occasion of His 75th Birthday, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011: pp. 38–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Advances in Ophthalmology and Optometry.

Blog post

[1]

J. O`Callaghan, Astronomers Have Found A Galaxy That Is Made Almost Entirely Of Dark Matter, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/space/galaxy-made-almost-entirely-of-dark-matter/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Test and Evaluation: Description of Projects in DOD’s Central Test and Evaluation Investment Program, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M. Knight, Technological Advancement in Conflict Assessment: A Case Study of the Fund for Peace’s Universal Network of Local Knowledge in Liberia, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

A.E. Kramer, Remembering Slain Critic of Putin, Tens of Thousands March in Moscow, New York Times (2015) A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Advances in Ophthalmology and Optometry
Abbreviation	Adv. Ophthalmol. Optom.
ISSN (print)	2452-1760
Scope