How to format your references using the Advances in Difference Equations citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Advances in Difference Equations. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Moffatt, H.K.: Euler’s disk and its finite-time singularity. Nature. 404, 833–834 (2000)

A journal article with 2 authors

Goff, S.A., Klee, H.J.: Plant volatile compounds: sensory cues for health and nutritional value? Science. 311, 815–819 (2006)

A journal article with 3 authors

Frommer, W.B., Schulze, W.X., Lalonde, S.: Plant science. Hexokinase, Jack-of-all-trades. Science. 300, 261–263 (2003)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lee, I., Yoganarasimha, D., Rao, G., Knierim, J.J.: Comparison of population coherence of place cells in hippocampal subfields CA1 and CA3. Nature. 430, 456–459 (2004)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kassapoglou, C.: Design and Analysis of Composite Structures. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK (2010)

An edited book

Kaneko, M., Nakamura, Y. eds: Robotics Research: The 13th International Symposium ISRR. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2011)

A chapter in an edited book

Longo, V.D., Fabrizio, P.: Chronological Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In: Breitenbach, M., Jazwinski, S.M., and Laun, P. (eds.) Aging Research in Yeast. pp. 101–121. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (2012)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Advances in Difference Equations.

Blog post

Davis, J.: Gene Linked To Age Perception Discovered, https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/gene-linked-youthful-appearance-discovered/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Joint Strike Fighter: Progress Made and Challenges Remain. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2007)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Okada, T.: Corporate culture and organizational efficiency in the competitive international market, (2012)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gabler, E., Dougherty, C.: Woman ‘Madly in Love’ With the Gunman Says She Was Unaware of His Plans, (2017)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Advances in Difference Equations
Abbreviation	Adv. Differ. Equ.
ISSN (online)	1687-1847
Scope	Algebra and Number Theory Analysis Applied Mathematics