How to format your references using the Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Buchen L. Snapshot: The guts of a dying star. Nature. 2009;460(7256):671.

A journal article with 2 authors

Arnold K, Zuberbühler K. Language evolution: semantic combinations in primate calls. Nature. 2006;441(7091):303.

A journal article with 3 authors

Liljas A, Ehrenberg M, Åqvist J. Comment on “The mechanism for activation of GTP hydrolysis on the ribosome.” Science. 2011;333(6038):37; author reply 37.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Dezawa M, Ishikawa H, Itokazu Y, et al. Bone marrow stromal cells generate muscle cells and repair muscle degeneration. Science. 2005;309(5732):314-317.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Collins D. Magic in the Ancient Greek World. Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

Bartolo BD, Collins J, eds. Biophotonics: Spectroscopy, Imaging, Sensing, and Manipulation. Springer Netherlands; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Saif H, He Y, Fernandez M, Alani H. Adapting Sentiment Lexicons Using Contextual Semantics for Sentiment Analysis of Twitter. In: Presutti V, Blomqvist E, Troncy R, Sack H, Papadakis I, Tordai A, eds. The Semantic Web: ESWC 2014 Satellite Events: ESWC 2014 Satellite Events, Anissaras, Crete, Greece, May 25-29, 2014, Revised Selected Papers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing; 2014:54-63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica.

Blog post

Andrew E. Unravelling The Mysteries Of Sleep: How The Brain ‘Sees’ Dreams. IFLScience. August 12, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/unravelling-mysteries-sleep-how-brain-sees-dreams/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. [Comments on STURA Act’s Effects on Funding for Los Angeles Metrorail System]. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Giuseffi FG. Investigation of the Influence of the Socratic Method on Leadership Skills among JROTC Cadet Leaders at a Military Boarding School. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Markowitz JC. There’s Such a Thing as Too Much Neuroscience. New York Times. October 15, 2016:A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica
Abbreviation	Acta Orthop. Traumatol. Turc.
ISSN (print)	1017-995X
Scope	General Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery