How to format your references using the Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Alexander RM. Evolution. Enhanced: A rodent as big as a buffalo. Science. 2003;301(5640):1678-1679.

A journal article with 2 authors

Koch SW, Knorr A. Applied physics. Optics in the nano-world. Science. 2001;293(5538):2217-2218.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lim HS, Rim YS, Kim HJ. Photoresist-free fully self-patterned transparent amorphous oxide thin-film transistors obtained by sol-gel process. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4544.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Waelbroeck C, Duplessy JC, Michel E, Labeyrie L, Paillard D, Duprat J. The timing of the last deglaciation in North Atlantic climate records. Nature. 2001;412(6848):724-727.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Subramanian MN. Plastics Additives and Testing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Lyytinen K, Loucopoulos P, Mylopoulos J, Robinson B, eds. Design Requirements Engineering: A Ten-Year Perspective: Design Requirements Workshop, Cleveland, OH, USA, June 3-6, 2007, Revised and Invited Papers. Vol 14. Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Beliakov G. Optimization and Aggregation Functions. In: Lodwick WA, Kacprzyk J, eds. Fuzzy Optimization: Recent Advances and Applications. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing. Springer; 2010:77-108.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica.

Blog post

Andrew E. Plants “Communicate” Using Molecular Language. IFLScience. August 15, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/plants-communicate-using-molecular-language/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. [Comments on Proposed MOU To Govern GAO Disclosure of FCC Documents]. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1984.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Spruill EL. A Correlational Analysis Relating Organizational Climate to Employee Performance: A Case Study. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. A Fresh Pita Oasis, Plus Kebabs and Flatbreads. New York Times. April 26, 2009:NJ8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica
Abbreviation	Acta Orthop. Traumatol. Turc.
ISSN (print)	1017-995X
Scope	General Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery