How to format your references using the Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fernández JE. Materials for aesthetic, energy-efficient, and self-diagnostic buildings. Science. 2007;315(5820):1807-1810.

A journal article with 2 authors

Enquist JA Jr, Stoltz BM. The total synthesis of (-)-cyanthiwigin F by means of double catalytic enantioselective alkylation. Nature. 2008;453(7199):1228-1231.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fehr E, Bernhard H, Rockenbach B. Egalitarianism in young children. Nature. 2008;454(7208):1079-1083.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Duah E, Adapala RK, Al-Azzam N, et al. Cysteinyl leukotrienes regulate endothelial cell inflammatory and proliferative signals through CysLT₂ and CysLT₁ receptors. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3274.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fabozzi FJ, Kothari V. Introduction to Securitization. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2008.

An edited book

Teixeira PN, Johnstone DB, Rosa MJ, Vossensteyn H, eds. Cost-Sharing and Accessibility in Higher Education: A Fairer Deal? Vol 14. Springer Netherlands; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Fu Y, Xiang R, Zhang M, Liu Y, Ma S. A PDD-Based Searching Approach for Expert Finding in Intranet Information Management. In: Ng HT, Leong MK, Kan MY, Ji D, eds. Information Retrieval Technology: Third Asia Information Retrieval Symposium, AIRS 2006, Singapore, October 16-18, 2006. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2006:43-53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica.

Blog post

Andrew D. Watch Food Being Digested In This Fascinating And Gross Video. IFLScience. October 5, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/watch-food-being-digested/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Acquisitions: Challenges in Commercializing Technologies Developed under the Small Business Innovation Research Program. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wilkins D. The Value of the Semantic Differential to the Art Educator. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J. Fox Wants Harassment Suit by Host Sent to Arbitration. New York Times. August 30, 2016:B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica
Abbreviation	Acta Orthop. Traumatol. Turc.
ISSN (print)	1017-995X
Scope	General Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery