How to format your references using the Acta Ophthalmologica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Acta Ophthalmologica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mazin II (2010): Superconductivity gets an iron boost. Nature 464: 183–186.

A journal article with 2 authors

Leontis NB & Westhof E (2014): Chemistry. Self-assembled RNA nanostructures. Science 345: 732–733.

A journal article with 3 authors

Green HW 2nd, Chen W-P & Brudzinski MR (2010): Seismic evidence of negligible water carried below 400-km depth in subducting lithosphere. Nature 467: 828–831.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Koziol K, Vilatela J, Moisala A, Motta M, Cunniff P, Sennett M & Windle A (2007): High-performance carbon nanotube fiber. Science 318: 1892–1895.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Conklin AR Jr (2005): Introduction to Soil Chemistry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Shelley MC, Yore LD & Hand B (Eds.) (2009): Quality Research in Literacy and Science Education: International Perspectives and Gold Standards. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Anne KR, Kuchibhotla S & Vankayalapati HD (2015): Emotional Speech Corpora. In: Kuchibhotla S & Vankayalapati HD (eds.) Acoustic Modeling for Emotion Recognition, SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing 33–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Acta Ophthalmologica.

Blog post

Andrews R (2016, August 30): 11 New Species Of Trapdoor Spider Have Been Found Crawling Beneath Queensland. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1975): Technology Transfer and Innovation Can Help Cities Identify Problems and Solutions (No. PSAD-75-110). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dair C (2015): Development of a nutrition-related curriculum for sustainable food waste management for foodservice operations (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW (2011, August 13): A County In Alabama Puts Off Bankruptcy. New York Times, p. B1. B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mazin 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Leontis & Westhof 2014, Mazin 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Leontis & Westhof 2014)
Three authors: (Green, Chen & Brudzinski 2010)
Four or more authors: (Koziol et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Acta Ophthalmologica
Abbreviation	Acta Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	1755-375X
ISSN (online)	1755-3768
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology