How to format your references using the Acta Ophthalmologica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Acta Ophthalmologica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chapman T (2004): Breathing life into chemistry. Nature 430: 948–949.

A journal article with 2 authors

Truitt WA & Coolen LM (2002): Identification of a potential ejaculation generator in the spinal cord. Science 297: 1566–1569.

A journal article with 3 authors

Delhase M, Li N & Karin M (2000): Kinase regulation in inflammatory response. Nature 406: 367–368.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kovacs JJ, Whalen EJ, Liu R, et al. (2008): Beta-arrestin-mediated localization of smoothened to the primary cilium. Science 320: 1777–1781.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith C & Meeking D (2013): How to Succeed at the Medical Interview. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Bellatreche L & Mohania MK (Eds.) (2013): Data Warehousing and Knowledge Discovery: 15th International Conference, DaWaK 2013, Prague, Czech Republic, August 26-29, 2013. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Vol. 8057). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Lewandowska MS (2016): Policies to Promote Eco-innovation: Results for Selected CEE Countries and Germany. In: Trąpczyński P, Puślecki Ł & Jarosiński M (eds.) Competitiveness of CEE Economies and Businesses: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Challenges and Opportunities, National Bureau of Economic Research, Conference Series. Cham: Springer International Publishing 89–114.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Acta Ophthalmologica.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016, October 6): New Method Helps Astronomers Directly Image Exoplanets Around Distant Stars. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2015): Telecommunications: FCC Should Evaluate the Efficiency and Effectiveness of the Lifeline Program (No. GAO-15-335). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Campos-Doerfler L (2017): The Role of Sgs1 and Exo1 in the Maintenance of Genome Stability (Doctoral dissertation). University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Markoff J (2017, March 1): Shhh! That Helpful Robot May Pose a Security Risk. New York Times, p. B6. B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Chapman 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Chapman 2004, Truitt & Coolen 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Truitt & Coolen 2002)
Three authors: (Delhase, Li & Karin 2000)
Four or more authors: (Kovacs et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Acta Ophthalmologica
Abbreviation	Acta Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	1755-375X
ISSN (online)	1755-3768
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology