How to format your references using the Acta Ophthalmologica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Acta Ophthalmologica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schneier B (2001): Protecting privacy and liberty. Nature 413: 773.

A journal article with 2 authors

Moine H & Mandel JL (2001): Biomedicine. Do G quartets orchestrate fragile X pathology? Science 294: 2487–2488.

A journal article with 3 authors

Suthram S, Sittler T & Ideker T (2005): The Plasmodium protein network diverges from those of other eukaryotes. Nature 438: 108–112.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Vicinanza C, Aquila I, Cianflone E, et al. (2018): Kitcre knock-in mice fail to fate-map cardiac stem cells. Nature 555: E1–E5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Simon J (2017): Banach, Fréchet, Hilbert and Neumann Spaces. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Krasińska M (2013): European Bison: The Nature Monograph. (Krasiński ZA, Ed.) (2nd ed. 2013.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kuznetsov A & Mikheev N (2013): Electromagnetic Interactions in External Active Media. In: Mikheev N (ed.) Electroweak Processes in External Active Media, Springer Tracts in Modern Physics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 127–173.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Acta Ophthalmologica.

Blog post

Davis J (2015, August 19): 7,000-Year-Old Skeleton Shows Evidence Of Leukemia. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2004): Aviation Security: Factors Could Limit the Effectiveness of the Transportation Security Administration’s Efforts to Secure Aerial Advertising Operations (No. GAO-04-499R). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sexton SM (2017): Progress Toward Analytic Predictions of Supersonic Hydrocarbon-Air Combustion: Computation of Ignition Times and Supersonic Mixing Layers (Doctoral dissertation). University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Ortved J (2017, October 5): Stylish Like a Fox, And Back in the City. New York Times, p. D3. D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schneier 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Moine & Mandel 2001, Schneier 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Moine & Mandel 2001)
Three authors: (Suthram, Sittler & Ideker 2005)
Four or more authors: (Vicinanza et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Acta Ophthalmologica
Abbreviation	Acta Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	1755-375X
ISSN (online)	1755-3768
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology