How to format your references using the Acta Diabetologica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Acta Diabetologica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fynbo JPU (2014) Astronomy. An exceptionally bright gamma-ray burst. Science 343:34–35

A journal article with 2 authors

Elbert T, Heim S (2001) A light and a dark side. Nature 411:139

A journal article with 3 authors

Peñalver E, Grimaldi DA, Delclòs X (2006) Early Cretaceous spider web with its prey. Science 312:1761

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Kono T, Obata Y, Wu Q, et al (2004) Birth of parthenogenetic mice that can develop to adulthood. Nature 428:860–864

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Douglas B (2008) Achieving Business Success with GIS. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Baert AL (2008) Encyclopedia of Diagnostic Imaging. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Pandey R, Sethi VK, Pandey M, Choubey M (2016) Recent Research and Various Techniques Available for Efficiency Improvement of IGCC Power Plants. In: Dash SS, Bhaskar MA, Panigrahi BK, Das S (eds) Artificial Intelligence and Evolutionary Computations in Engineering Systems: Proceedings of ICAIECES 2015. Springer India, New Delhi, pp 49–58

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Acta Diabetologica.

Blog post

Davis J (2015) Lions Roam Rwanda Again After a 15-Year Absence. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/lions-roam-rwanda-again-after-15-year-absence/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2002) Social Security Numbers: SSNs Are Widely Used by Government and Could Be Better Protected. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mickels BJ (2010) A phenomenological research study on the formation of global business teams. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Roach M (2013) The Mouth’s Guard. New York Times D6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Acta Diabetologica
Abbreviation	Acta Diabetol.
ISSN (print)	0940-5429
ISSN (online)	1432-5233
Scope	Endocrinology General Medicine Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine