How to format your references using the ACM Transactions on Computing Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Gerard Campbell. 2002. Distalization of the Drosophila leg by graded EGF-receptor activity. Nature 418, 6899 (August 2002), 781–785.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

R. K. Bruick and S. L. McKnight. 2001. A conserved family of prolyl-4-hydroxylases that modify HIF. Science 294, 5545 (November 2001), 1337–1340.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Daniel Gembris, John G. Taylor, and Dieter Suter. 2002. Trends and random fluctuations in athletics. Nature 417, 6888 (May 2002), 506.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Wanbiao Hu, Liping Li, Guangshe Li, Yun Liu, and Ray L. Withers. 2014. Atomic-scale control of TiO₆ octahedra through solution chemistry towards giant dielectric response. Sci. Rep. 4, (October 2014), 6582.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Ammar Grous. 2012. Fracture Mechanics 1. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ USA.

An edited book

[1]

Michael Rebstock. 2008. Ontologies-Based Business Integration. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Mina Bižić-Ionescu and Danny Ionescu. 2016. Crossing the Freshwater/Saline Barrier: A Phylogenetic Analysis of Bacteria Inhabiting Both Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems. In Aquatic Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry: A Dual Perspective, Patricia M. Glibert and Todd M. Kana (eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 35–44.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for ACM Transactions on Computing Education.

Blog post

[1]

Elise Andrew. 2014. Wild Gorillas Observed Using Tools To Acquire Food For First Time. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. 2000. Medicare: Post-Hearing Questions Related to Financial and Information Technology Management. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Geoffrey L. Schroder. 2015. A quantitative study of critical thinking skills in bachelors of science nursing program students. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Shara McCALLUM. 2017. Memory. New York Times, MM17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [3, 4].
This sentence cites four references [3, 4, 6, 8].

About the journal

Full journal title	ACM Transactions on Computing Education
ISSN (online)	1946-6226
Scope