How to format your references using the Academic Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Academic Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Martin EE. Earth science: Ocean circulation and rapid climate change. Nature. 2015;517(7532):30-31.

A journal article with 2 authors

Namouni F, Porco C. The confinement of Neptune’s ring arcs by the moon Galatea. Nature. 2002;417(6884):45-47.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lohmann C, Myhr KL, Wong ROL. Transmitter-evoked local calcium release stabilizes developing dendrites. Nature. 2002;418(6894):177-181.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Su Z, Li L, Peng H, Kurths J, Xiao J, Yang Y. Robustness of interrelated traffic networks to cascading failures. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5413.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Poltorak AI, Lerner PJ. Essentials of Intellectual Property. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Anselin L, Rey SJ, eds. Perspectives on Spatial Data Analysis. Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Jovanovic P, Luykx A, Mennink B. Beyond 2 c/2 Security in Sponge-Based Authenticated Encryption Modes. In: Sarkar P, Iwata T, eds. Advances in Cryptology – ASIACRYPT 2014: 20th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security, Kaoshiung, Taiwan, R.O.C., December 7-11, 2014. Proceedings, Part I. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2014:85-104.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Academic Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. From Mercury To Pluto: The Year Ahead In Planetary Exploration. IFLScience. February 9, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/mercury-pluto-year-ahead-planetary-exploration/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Army Aviation Requirements. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lee JY. Socio-Spatial Exclusion Based on Human Activities and Social Networks in Space-Time: A Case Study of Koreans in Columbus, Ohio. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Protess B. Lawyer Is Now Regulating Banking Industry He Has Spent a Career Protecting. New York Times. May 12, 2017:A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Academic Medicine
Abbreviation	Acad. Med.
ISSN (print)	1040-2446
ISSN (online)	1938-808X
Scope	General Medicine Education