How to format your references using the Academic Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Academic Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Simons BD. Development. Getting your gut into shape. Science. 2013;342(6155):203-204.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shaw RJ, Cantley LC. Cell biology. Ancient sensor for ancient drug. Science. 2012;336(6083):813-814.

A journal article with 3 authors

Murdoch W, Briggs CJ, Swarbrick S. Host suppression and stability in a parasitoid-host system: experimental demonstration. Science. 2005;309(5734):610-613.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Varricchio DJ, Moore JR, Erickson GM, Norell MA, Jackson FD, Borkowski JJ. Avian paternal care had dinosaur origin. Science. 2008;322(5909):1826-1828.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Yavaş M. Applied English Phonology. Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

Ambroszkiewicz S, Brzeziński J, Cellary W, Grzech A, Zieliński K, eds. Advanced SOA Tools and Applications. Vol 499. Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Gunckel KL, Mohan L, Covitt BA, Anderson CW. Addressing Challenges in Developing Learning Progressions For Environmental Science Literacy. In: Alonzo AC, Gotwals AW, eds. Learning Progressions in Science: Current Challenges and Future Directions. SensePublishers; 2012:39-75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Academic Medicine.

Blog post

Fang J. Teenager Invents Device That Lets User Communicate With Just Exhales. IFLScience. September 13, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/teenager-invents-device-lets-user-communicate-just-exhales/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Coast Guard Postgraduate Education Program. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1972.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Baldasaro RE. Person Level Analysis in Latent Growth Curve Models. Doctoral dissertation. University of North Carolina; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

BRUCE LAMBERT; Linda Saslow contributed reporting for this article. County Chief Sets Sights on School Tax. New York Times. November 10, 2005:B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Academic Medicine
Abbreviation	Acad. Med.
ISSN (print)	1040-2446
ISSN (online)	1938-808X
Scope	General Medicine Education