How to format your references using the Academic Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Academic Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zarin DJ. Atmospheric science. Carbon from tropical deforestation. Science. 2012;336(6088):1518-1519.

A journal article with 2 authors

Borgani S, Guzzo L. X-ray clusters of galaxies as tracers of structure in the Universe. Nature. 2001;409(6816):39-45.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fang Y, Seong NH, Dlott DD. Measurement of the distribution of site enhancements in surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Science. 2008;321(5887):388-392.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Uhlén P, Laestadius A, Jahnukainen T, et al. Alpha-haemolysin of uropathogenic E. coli induces Ca2+ oscillations in renal epithelial cells. Nature. 2000;405(6787):694-697.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hulin W, Jin-Ting Z. Nonparametric Regression Methods for Longitudinal Data Analysis: Mixed-Effects Modeling Approaches. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

Lucas P, Gámez JA, Salmerón A, eds. Advances in Probabilistic Graphical Models. Vol 214. Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Van Dyke C, Meketon M. Railway Blocking Process. In: Patty BW, ed. Handbook of Operations Research Applications at Railroads. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science. Springer US; 2015:119-162.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Academic Medicine.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. This Lake In India Is Catching On Fire Because It Is So Polluted. IFLScience. October 9, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/lake-india-catching-fire-because-it-so-polluted/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Construction of a Computer Facilities Building by the Social Security Administration: Justification and Alternatives. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1976.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stanford V. Finding Theatre from within: Augusto Boal’s Games for Non-Actors in an Introduction to Acting Class. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B, Green J. Just How Great Was That ‘Comet’? New York Times. May 11, 2017:AR16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Academic Medicine
Abbreviation	Acad. Med.
ISSN (print)	1040-2446
ISSN (online)	1938-808X
Scope	General Medicine Education