How to format your references using the 4OR citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for 4OR. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Radman M (2001) Fidelity and infidelity. Nature 413:115

A journal article with 2 authors

Sharma P, Allison JP (2012) Retrospective. Lloyd J. Old (1933-2011). Science 335:49

A journal article with 3 authors

Bleichert F, Botchan MR, Berger JM (2015) Crystal structure of the eukaryotic origin recognition complex. Nature 519:321–326

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Sumino A, Sumikama T, Iwamoto M, et al (2013) The open gate structure of the membrane-embedded KcsA potassium channel viewed from the cytoplasmic side. Sci Rep 3:1063

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Early WF II (2010) Contractor and Client Relations to Assure Process Safety. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Alicki R (2007) Quantum Dynamical Semigroups and Applications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Kenna H (2013) How to Prepare the Best Possible Curriculum Vitae. In: Roberts LW (ed) The Academic Medicine Handbook: A Guide to Achievement and Fulfillment for Academic Faculty. Springer, New York, NY, pp 35–39

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for 4OR.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Cocoa’s Flavanols Reverse Age-Related Memory Decline. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/cocoas-flavanols-reverse-age-related-memory-decline/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012) General Aviation Safety: Additional FAA Efforts Could Help Identify and Mitigate Safety Risks. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tuquero JM (2010) A meta-ethnographic synthesis of support services for adult learners in distance learning programs. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M (2014) Wust Reclaims Gold in 3,000. New York Times D9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Radman 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Radman 2001; Sharma and Allison 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sharma and Allison 2012)
Three or more authors: (Sumino et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	4OR
Abbreviation	4OR
ISSN (print)	1619-4500
ISSN (online)	1614-2411
Scope	Management Information Systems Computational Theory and Mathematics Theoretical Computer Science