How to format your references using the 4OR citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for 4OR. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Raymond J (2013) Sexist attitudes: Most of us are biased. Nature 495:33–34

A journal article with 2 authors

Hsiao JC, Fong K (2004) Making big money from small technology. Nature 428:218–220

A journal article with 3 authors

Marteau TM, Hollands GJ, Fletcher PC (2012) Changing human behavior to prevent disease: the importance of targeting automatic processes. Science 337:1492–1495

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Razem FA, El-Kereamy A, Abrams SR, Hill RD (2006) The RNA-binding protein FCA is an abscisic acid receptor. Nature 439:290–294

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Richards A, Dafydd H (2014) Key Notes on Plastic Surgery. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Talaba D, Amditis A (eds) (2008) Product Engineering: Tools and Methods Based on Virtual Reality. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Falke S, Kapur D (2006) Inductive Decidability Using Implicit Induction. In: Hermann M, Voronkov A (eds) Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Reasoning: 13th International Conference, LPAR 2006, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, November 13-17, 2006. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 45–59

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for 4OR.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016) Alignment Of Planets May Explain Sun’s Mysterious Cycle. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/alignment-of-planets-may-explain-suns-mysterious-cycle/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1973) Bureau of Indian Affairs Contracts for Automatic Data Processing Management Services, and for Development of a Management Information System at the Colorado River Indian Reservation. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lee S (2005) The Influence of Product Involvement and Fan Identification on Response to Team Sponsors’ Products. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G (2010) An Obvious Case For Instant Replay. New York Times D3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Raymond 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Hsiao and Fong 2004; Raymond 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hsiao and Fong 2004)
Three or more authors: (Razem et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	4OR
Abbreviation	4OR
ISSN (print)	1619-4500
ISSN (online)	1614-2411
Scope	Management Information Systems Computational Theory and Mathematics Theoretical Computer Science