How to format your references using the 4OR citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for 4OR. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tanaka KL (2005) Geology and insolation-driven climatic history of Amazonian north polar materials on Mars. Nature 437:991–994

A journal article with 2 authors

Vecchi GA, Soden BJ (2007) Effect of remote sea surface temperature change on tropical cyclone potential intensity. Nature 450:1066–1070

A journal article with 3 authors

Lovejoy CO, Heiple KG, Meindl RS (2001) Palaeoanthropology: Did our ancestors knuckle-walk? Nature 410:325–326

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Wang B-L, Wang R, Liu RJ, et al (2013) Origin of shape resonance in second-harmonic generation from metallic nanohole arrays. Sci Rep 3:2358

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Russell C (2006) Trustee Investment Strategy for Endowments and Foundations. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Hierons RM, Bowen JP, Harman M (eds) (2008) Formal Methods and Testing: An Outcome of the FORTEST Network, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Walls DF, Milburn GJ (2008) Quantum Phenomena in Simple Systems in Nonlinear Optics. In: Walls DF, Milburn GJ (eds) Quantum Optics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 73–91

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for 4OR.

Blog post

Hale T (2017) Egyptian Mummy Of Member Of The Wealthy Elite Discovered In A Tomb Near River Nile. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/egyptian-mummy-of-member-of-the-wealthy-elite-discovered-in-a-tomb-near-river-nile/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000) Land Management Systems: Status of BLM’s Actions to Improve Information Technology Management. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Renteria Y (2017) Respite services for post-adoption families transitioning from the child welfare system: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodgman J (2016) Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times MM26

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Tanaka 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Tanaka 2005; Vecchi and Soden 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Vecchi and Soden 2007)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	4OR
Abbreviation	4OR
ISSN (print)	1619-4500
ISSN (online)	1614-2411
Scope	Management Information Systems Computational Theory and Mathematics Theoretical Computer Science