How to format your references using the 4OR citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for 4OR. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Engelhardt B (2011) Neuroscience. Blood-brain barrier differentiation. Science 334:1652–1653

A journal article with 2 authors

Martin CH, Wainwright PC (2013) Multiple fitness peaks on the adaptive landscape drive adaptive radiation in the wild. Science 339:208–211

A journal article with 3 authors

Shim S-B, Imboden M, Mohanty P (2007) Synchronized oscillation in coupled nanomechanical oscillators. Science 316:95–99

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Reeves WH, Skryabin DV, Biancalana F, et al (2003) Transformation and control of ultra-short pulses in dispersion-engineered photonic crystal fibres. Nature 424:511–515

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zink M (2005) Scalable Video on Demand. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,., West Sussex, England

An edited book

Munkert MJ, Stubner S, Wulf T (eds) (2010) Founding a Company: Handbook of Legal Forms in Europe. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Rabe KM, Ghosez P (2007) First-Principles Studies of Ferroelectric Oxides. In: Rabe KM, Ahn CH, Triscone J-M (eds) Physics of Ferroelectrics: A Modern Perspective. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 117–174

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for 4OR.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Deep Calls Or Big Balls? Howler Monkeys Are Either All Mouth, Or All Trousers. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/deep-calls-or-big-balls-howler-monkeys-are-either-all-mouth-or-all-trousers/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1986) [Importation Into the U.S. of Automobiles That Do Not Conform With Emission Requirements]. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zaghdoun E (2009) Entre lettres et portraits: Madame Du Deffand, auteur? Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C (2008) For the Self-Employed, a Year-Round System Will Smooth Tax Time. New York Times C4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Engelhardt 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Engelhardt 2011; Martin and Wainwright 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Martin and Wainwright 2013)
Three or more authors: (Reeves et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	4OR
Abbreviation	4OR
ISSN (print)	1619-4500
ISSN (online)	1614-2411
Scope	Management Information Systems Computational Theory and Mathematics Theoretical Computer Science