How to format your references using the 3D Printing in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for 3D Printing in Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Whipple KX. Geophysics. Can erosion drive tectonics? Science. 2014;346:918–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Thorogood R, Davies NB. Cuckoos combat socially transmitted defenses of reed warbler hosts with a plumage polymorphism. Science. 2012;337:578–80.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Werfel J, Petersen K, Nagpal R. Designing collective behavior in a termite-inspired robot construction team. Science. 2014;343:754–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Cuchet-Lourenço D, Eletto D, Wu C, Plagnol V, Papapietro O, Curtis J, et al. Biallelic RIPK1 mutations in humans cause severe immunodeficiency, arthritis, and intestinal inflammation. Science. 2018;361:810–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Zhong Q-C, Hornik T. Control of Power Inverters in Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Integration. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2012.

An edited book

1. Kennedy LW. Translational Criminology and Counterterrorism: Global Threats and Local Responses. Irvin-Erickson Y, Kennedy AR, editors. New York, NY: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Roberts J. John Roberts on Hugo F. Sonnenschein. In: Jackson MO, McLennan A, editors. Foundations in Microeconomic Theory: A Volume in Honor of Hugo F Sonnenschein. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 33–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for 3D Printing in Medicine.

Blog post

1. Hale T. What If Physical Diseases Were Treated Like Mental Illnesses? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/what-if-physical-diseases-were-treated-like-mental-illnesses/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. DOD Business Systems Modernization: Limited Progress in Development of Business Enterprise Architecture and Oversight of Information Technology Investments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004 May. Report No.: GAO-04-731R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Henry AG. Plant foods and the dietary ecology of Neandertals and modern humans [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Grynbaum MM. Confused by Scaramucci’s Plans for a Media Venture? So Is He. New York Times. 2017 Oct 3;B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	3D Printing in Medicine
Abbreviation	3D Print. Med.
ISSN (online)	2365-6271
Scope

Research and Writing Guides