How to format your references using the 3D Printing in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for 3D Printing in Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Mazzarello P. Sulphur and holy water. Nature. 2001;411:639.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Kim MS, Cho J. Physics. Teleporting a quantum state to distant matter. Science. 2009;323:469–70.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Schmittner A, Yoshimori M, Weaver AJ. Instability of glacial climate in a model of the ocean- atmosphere-cryosphere system. Science. 2002;295:1489–93.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Zimmerman SC, Wendland MS, Rakow NA, Zharov I, Suslick KS. Synthetic hosts by monomolecular imprinting inside dendrimers. Nature. 2002;418:399–403.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Menk FW, Waters CL. Magnetoseismology. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2013.

An edited book

1. Hackett CJ, Harn DA, editors. Vaccine Adjuvants: Immunological and Clinical Principles. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Wagner T, Moldt D. Integrating Agent Actions and Workflow Operations. In: Müller JP, Ketter W, Kaminka G, Wagner G, Bulling N, editors. Multiagent System Technologies: 13th German Conference, MATES 2015, Cottbus, Germany, September 28 - 30, 2015, Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 61–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for 3D Printing in Medicine.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. NASA Pretended Neptune Was An Exoplanet To Improve Our Chances Of Finding Life [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-pretended-neptune-was-an-exoplanet-to-improve-our-chances-of-finding-life/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Aviation Research and Development: FAA Could Improve How It Develops Its Portfolio and Reports Its Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2017 Apr. Report No.: GAO-17-372.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Bermudez D. The effects of Hispanic parent-adolescent biculturalism disparity on male adolescent delinquency [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Billard M. Many Feet Shall Be Shod. New York Times. 2010 Apr 22;E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	3D Printing in Medicine
Abbreviation	3D Print. Med.
ISSN (online)	2365-6271
Scope