How to format your references using the 3D Printing in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for 3D Printing in Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Dalton R. Action urged to combat killer algae. Nature. 2001;412:260.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Silk J, Chluba J. Astronomy. Next steps for cosmology. Science. 2014;344:586–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Beddington JR, Agnew DJ, Clark CW. Current problems in the management of marine fisheries. Science. 2007;316:1713–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Wertz IE, O’Rourke KM, Zhang Z, Dornan D, Arnott D, Deshaies RJ, et al. Human De-etiolated-1 regulates c-Jun by assembling a CUL4A ubiquitin ligase. Science. 2004;303:1371–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Wood P. Western Art and the Wider World. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

1. Sobh T, editor. Advances in Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Haberdar H, Albayrak S. A Two-Stage Visual Turkish Sign Language Recognition System Based on Global and Local Features. In: Esposito F, Raś ZW, Malerba D, Semeraro G, editors. Foundations of Intelligent Systems: 16th International Symposium, ISMIS 2006, Bari, Italy, September 27-29, 2006 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. p. 29–37.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for 3D Printing in Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Everything You Need to Know About Cometary Exploration [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/everything-you-need-know-about-cometary-exploration-0/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Women’s Educational Equity Act: A Review of Program Goals and Strategies Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994 Dec. Report No.: PEMD-95-6.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Wead MO. Fear and Doubt [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Rothenberg B. An American Teenager Who Lives for Big Moments Produces One. New York Times. 2017 May 31;B16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	3D Printing in Medicine
Abbreviation	3D Print. Med.
ISSN (online)	2365-6271
Scope